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History 2 test
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| XYZ Affair | diplomatic crisis between Britain and France |
| William Henry Harrison | the 9th president, only served for 31 months |
| Whiskey Rebellion | â was a violent tax protest in western Pennsylvania and Appalachia. It was the first federal excise tax on a domestic product, enacted to help pay off Revolutionary War debt |
| War of 1812 | â a conflict fought between the United States and Great Britain. No clear winner but conflict concluded with the Treaty of Ghent |
| Virginia Plan | â a proposal for a new national government drafted by James Madison. It proposed representation based on population |
| Virginia and Kentucky Resolutions | â statements against the Alien and Sedition Acts. Thomas Jeffaerson and James Maddison |
| Valley Forge | â the winter encampment of general George Washingtonâs Continental Army during the American Revolutionary war |
| Treaty of Paris of 1783 | â ended the American Revolutionary war |
| Treaty of Ghent | â ended the war of 1812 |
| Three-fifths of a free person â dictated that three out of every enslaved individual would be counted when determining a stateâs total population | |
| Thomas Paine â founding father and wrote Common Sense | |
| Thomas Jefferson â a founding father and the 3rd president of the United States. Primary author of the Declaration of Independence | |
| The âGreat Compromiseâ â an agreement that established the two-house legislative structure of the U.S. Congress | |
| Tenskwatawa â Tecumseh's brother, the great prophet | |
| Tecumseh â one of the great Native American war leaders | |
| Simon Bolivar â the liberator | |
| Shaysâs Rebellion â rebellion of veterans due to loans and debts | |
| Second Continental Congress â a convention of delegates from the thirteen colonies that functioned as the de facto national government of the U.S. during the American Revolutionary War | |
| Sacagawea â helped with the Lewis and Clark expedition in achieving their chartered mission objectives | |
| Robert Morris â financier of the American revolutionary war | |
| Robert Fulton â steam engines | |
| Olive Branch petition â one last attempt to create peace between Britain | |
| Northwest Ordinance of 1787 â established a 3-stage system for governing territories and admitting them as equal states | |
| New Jersey Plan â plan made for the smaller states to get equal representation | |
| Monroe Doctrine â written by President James Monroe declaring that the Western Hemisphere was off-limits to future European colonization and intervention | |
| Marbury v. Madison (1803) â established the principle of judicial review, granting federal courts the power to declare legislative acts unconstitutional | |
| Loyalist sentiment â the political and social commitment of roughly 15% to 20% of American colonists who opposed independence and wanted to remain subjects of the British Crown | |
| Louisiana Purchase â Thomas Jefferson made a plan to buy some land. Thought it wasnât constitutional | |
| Lewis and Clark expedition â Sacagawea helped them in their first expedition | |
| Leopard and Chesapeake affair â British had pulled over an American War ship | |
| Land Ordinance of 1785 â created a standardized system for surveying, selling, and settling western public lands north of the Ohio River | |
| John Marshall â U.S. Supreme Court justice | |
| John Adams â the first vice president of the U.S. and the second President of the U.S. | |
| James Monroe â Monroe Doctrine | |
| James Madison â father of the constitution. Had a central role in drafting the U.S. constitution and authoring the bill of rights | |
| Impressment â the practice of forcing unwilling men into military or naval service through intimidation and violence | |
| House of Representatives â The lower chamber of Congress, with representation based on state representation | |
| Hessian mercenaries â German auxiliary soldiers leased by the British Crown from various German principalities to fight in the American Revolutionary War. | |
| Henry Knox â first secretary of war | |
| Bill of right â comprises the first ten amendments to the United States Constitution. Proposed by James Madison | |
| Benjamin Franklin â played a foundational role in the creation of the United States and made revolutionary contributions to science and civic life | |
| Benedict Arnold â famous for being a prominent American Revolutionary War hero who later committed treason by defecting to the British | |
| Battle of Yorktown â took place in Yorktown, Virginia and was the final major land battle of the American Revolutionary War | |
| Battle of Trenton â pivotal American Revolutionary War engagement fought on December 26, 1776, in New Jersey | |
| Battle of Trenton â pivotal American Revolutionary War engagement fought on December 26, 1776, in New Jersey | |
| Battle of Tippecanoe â fought on November 7, 1811. Resulting in an American victory over a Native | |
| Battle of Saratoga â France got involved, first major turning point during the American revolutionary war | |
| Battle of New Orleans â Andrew Jacksons victory due to sugar cane treaty | |
| Battle of Fallen Timber 1794 â Americans and Native Americans, Americans won | |
| Battle of Bunker Hill (Breedâs Hill) -- fought in Massachusetts. Britain won but sought tremendous causalities | |
| Bank of the United States â a plan to solve national debt | |
| Articles of confederation â weak central government dude to the fear of a tyranny | |
| Antifederalists â goes against the elites. Did not want a strong central government | |
| Anglophile â someone that loves England | |
| Andrew Jackson â battle of New Orleans. Henry clay john Quincy Adams | |
| Alien and sedition Acts â four laws passed by John Adams during the undeclared Quasi war with France. Stopped anyone from criticizing the government | |
| Alexander Hamilton â plan for the banking. Wrote the federalists papers | |
| Albert Gallatin â ran for treasury under the Jefferson administration | |
| Aaron Burr â tried to create his own nation. Shot Alexander Hamilton | |
| First attorney general â Edmund Randoplh | |
| Federalists â supporters of the U.S. Constitution who advocated for a strong central government | |
| Federalist Papers â wrote a series of papers to defend the new constitution. Thomas Jefferson, James Madison, Alexander Hamilton | |
| Embargo of 1807 â closed the ports and hurt the federalists as they were traders and merchants. Thomas Jefferson put this into effect | |
| Eli Whitney â invented cotton gin | |
| Election of 1800 â Jefferson won | |
| Election of 1796 â the nationâs first contested election and the only one to result in a present and vice president from opposing political parties | |
| Democrat-Republicans â an early American political party founded by Thomas Jefferson and James Madison in the 1790s | |
| Declaration of Independence â list of grievances against the King announcing their separation | |
| Cotton gin â an invention that allows cotton to be sold easily. Invented by Eli Whittney. Made Slavery much more profitable | |
| Continental soldiers â us army formed after the second constitutional convention | |
| Constitutional Convention of 1787 â took place in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, from May 25 to September 17, 1787 | |
| Common Sense â written by Thomas Paine, stating that the American colonies must immediately declare total independence from Great Britain | |
| Citizen Genet â Edmond-Charles Genet, a French diplomat sent to the United States in 1793 during the French Revolution | |
| Hamiltonâs financial plan â proposed as the first U.S. Secretary of the Treasury in 1790, aimed to stabilize the nation's economy | |
| George Washington â first president of the United States | |
| General Anthony Wayne â prominent American solider, officer, statesmen, and founding father best known as Mad Anthony | |
| French Revolution â a 10-year period of radical political, social, and economic upheaval in France that lasted from May 5, 1789, to November 9, 1799 | |
| Francophile â Loves France | |
| First secretary of war â Henry Knoxx | |
| First secretary of the treasury â Alexander Hamilton | |
| First secretary of state â Thomas Jefferson |
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