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Unit 4 Europe, Vocab
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Peninsula | a piece of land that is almost entirely surrounded by water but is connected to the mainland on one side |
| Uplands | high land especially at some distance from the sea |
| Polder | a tract of low land reclaimed from a body of water |
| Bay | a broad inlet of the sea where the land curves inward. |
| Fjord | a long, narrow, deep inlet of the sea between high cliffs, as in Norway and Iceland, typically formed by submergence of a glaciated valley. |
| Canal | a tubular anatomical passage or channel |
| Waterway | a way or channel for water |
| Ecosystem | a community of organisms and their physical environment interacting together |
| Marine Reserve | an area of the sea that is protected by the government |
| Democracy | a form of government in which people choose leaders by voting. |
| City-State | an independent city — and sometimes its surrounding land — which has its own government, completely separate from nearby countries |
| Golden Age | a time period in which there was cultural progress, peace, prosperity, and happiness |
| Philosopher | the study of the basic ideas about knowledge, truth, right and wrong, religion, and the nature and meaning of life |
| Plebeian | a member of the Roman plebs. |
| Aqueduct | structures that carry a large quantity of flowing water across a valley or a hollow |
| Feudal System | a type of social and political system |
| Navigations | the act or practice of navigating. |
| Natural Rights | Rights that people supposedly have under natural law |
| Nationalism | an ideology that emphasizes loyalty, devotion, or allegiance to a nation or nation-state and holds that such obligations outweigh other individual or group interests |
| Guillotine | a machine for beheading by means of a heavy blade that slides down in vertical guides |
| Reparations | a repairing or keeping in repair |
| Factory System | the system of manufacturing that began in the 18th century |
| Republic | a form of government that emphasizes popular sovereignty, where leaders are elected by the public rather than inheriting power or seizing it by force. |
| Navigable | deep enough and wide enough to afford passage to ships. |
| Radical | someone who has very extreme views |
| Rhine River | one of the major rivers of Europe |
| Alps | some of the highest and most extensive mountain ranges in Europe |
| Danube River | a river in central and SE Europe |
| Acropolis | the citadel or high fortified area of an ancient Greek city |
| Reformation | the action or process of reforming an institution or practice.the action or process of reforming an institution or practice. |
| Renaissance | the transitional movement in Europe between medieval and modern times |
| Industrial Revolution | marked a significant transformation in manufacturing processes and economic structures |
| Enlightenment | the act or means of enlightening |
| John Locke | an English philosopher and physician |
| Reign of Terror | a period of remorseless repression or bloodshed, in particular the period of the Terror during the French Revolution. |
| Great Depression | a worldwide economic downturn that began in 1929 and lasted until about 1939 |
| Treaty of Versailles | peace document signed at the end of World War I |
| Cold War | a state of political hostility between countries characterized by threats, propaganda, and other measures short of open warfare. |
| Iron Curtain | the political, military, and ideological barrier erected by the Soviet Union |
| Berlin Wall | barrier that surrounded West Berlin |
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