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Europe vocab
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Peninsula | a body of land surrounded on three sides by water |
| Uplands | hills, mountains, and plateaus |
| Polder | land in the Netherlands that has been reclaimed from the sea for farming |
| Bay | a body of water surrounded on three sides by land |
| Fjord | a deep, narrow bay |
| Canal | a human made waterway through land for boats and ships |
| Waterway | a navigable route for traveling and transport |
| Ecosystem | a community of living organisms and their natural environment, or hanitat |
| Marine Reserve | an ocean area set aside to protect ocean life from humans |
| Democracy | a form of government by the people, in which citizens often elect representatives to govern them |
| City-State | an independent state made up of a city and the territories depending on it |
| Golden Age | a period of great wealth, culture, and democracy in Greece |
| Philosopher | a person who examines questions about the universe and searches for the truth |
| Plebeian | a farmer or lower class person in ancient Rome |
| Aqueduct | a transport system for carrying water long distances, sometimes raised on a bridge |
| Feudal System | a social structure during the Middle Ages consisting of a king, lords, vassals, and serfs |
| Navigations | the science of finding position and planning routes |
| Natural Rights | rights such as life, liberty, and property that people possess at birth |
| Nationalism | a strong sense of loyalty to one's country |
| Guillotine | a machine used to execute people during the French Revolution |
| Reparations | after a war, money paid as punishment, usually by the aggressors in the conflict. |
| Factory System | a way of working in which each person works on only one part of a product |
| Republic | a form of government in which officials are elected by the people to govern |
| Navigable | wide or deep enough to be traveled easily by boats and ships |
| Radical | a person who wants an extreme change or holds an extreme political position |
| Rhine River | a river that starts in Switzerland and ends in the North Sea |
| Alps | a European mountain chain |
| Danube River | a river that starts in Germany and ends at the Black Sea |
| Acropolis | a rocky hill in Athens, Greece, that served as a fortress for the ancient city's most important buildings |
| Reformation | the movement in the 1500s to reform Christianity |
| Renaissance | meaning "rebirth" a period in the 1300-1500s in which culture and the arts flourished |
| Industrial Revolution | a period in the 1700s and 1800s in which workers in factories began to use machines and power tools for large-scale industry |
| Enlightenment | a social movement of the 1700s that worked for the education and rights of the individual |
| John Locke | a 17th century philosopher that believed that all people had the rights to life, liberty, and property and that those are basic human rights |
| Reign of Terror | a movement in France led by Maximilien Robespierre in which 40,000 people were beheaded in 1793-1794 |
| Great Depression | worldwide economic downturn in the 1930s marked by poverty and high unemployment |
| Treaty of Versailles | a peace treaty that ended World War 1 in 1919 |
| Cold War | a long period of political tension without fighting between the United States and the Soviet Union, roughly from 1948 to 1991 |
| Iron Curtain | an imaginary boundary that separated Communist and non-Communist countries in Europe during the Cold War |
| Berlin Wall | wall that divided Communist East Berlin from democratic West Berlin; it was torn down in 1989 |
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