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Europe Vocab
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Peninsula | a piece of land that is almost entirely surrounded by water but is connected to the mainland on one side. |
| Uplands | land that is at a higher elevation than the alluvial plain or stream terrace |
| Polder | a low-lying tract of land that forms an artificial hydrological entity, enclosed by embankments known as dikes |
| Bay | a recessed, coastal body of water that directly connects to a larger main body of water |
| Fjord | a long, deep, narrow body of water that reaches far inland |
| Canal | a human-made waterway that allows boats and ships to pass from one body of water to another. |
| Waterway | navigable bodies of water that facilitate the transportation of goods and logistics activities |
| Ecosystem | a community of organisms and their physical environment interacting together. |
| Marine Reserve | designated areas that are completely protected from the sea surface to the seafloor, including the foreshore. |
| Democracy | in which power and civic responsibility are exercised by all adult citizens, directly, or through their freely elected representatives |
| City-State | an independent city — and sometimes its surrounding land — which has its own government, completely separate from nearby countries. |
| Golden Age | a period of great happiness, prosperity, and achievement. |
| Philosopher | a person who seeks wisdom or enlightenment |
| Plebeian | a member of the common people in ancient Rome |
| Aqueduct | structures that carry a large quantity of flowing water across a valley or a hollow |
| Feudal System | a type of social and political system in which landholders provide land to tenants in exchange for their loyalty and service |
| Navigations | the process of determining position, course and distance travelled to move from one location to another. |
| Natural Rights | Rights that people supposedly have under natural law |
| Nationalism | ideology based on the idea that the individual's loyalty and devotion to the nation-state surpass other individual or group |
| Guillotine | an apparatus designed for effectively carrying out executions by beheading. |
| Reparations | a repairing or keeping in repair |
| Factory System | the system of manufacturing that began in the 18th century with the development of the power loom and the steam engine |
| Republic | a form of government that emphasizes popular sovereignty, where leaders are elected by the public rather than inheriting power or seizing it by force. |
| Navigable | deep enough and wide enough to afford passage to ships. |
| Radical | a critical approach that examines the social and political dimensions of geography |
| Rhine River | a major European river carrying more traffic than any other river in the world; flows into the North Sea |
| Alps | some of the highest and most extensive mountain ranges in Europe |
| Danube River | a great river in Europe, symbolizing flow and connection. |
| Acropolis | the upper fortified part of an ancient Greek city |
| Reformation | a 16th-century movement for the reform of abuses in the Roman Catholic Church ending in the establishment of the Reformed and Protestant Churches. |
| Renaissance | a period in European civilization that was marked by a revival of Classical learning and wisdom |
| Industrial Revolution | marked a significant transformation in manufacturing processes and economic structures |
| Enlightenment | an intellectual and cultural movement in the eighteenth century that emphasized reason over superstition and science over blind faith. |
| John Locke | an English philosopher and physician, widely regarded as one of the most influential of the Enlightenment thinkers |
| Reign of Terror | a period of remorseless repression or bloodshed, in particular the period of the Terror during the French Revolution. |
| Great Depression | a worldwide economic downturn that began in 1929 and lasted until about 1939 |
| Treaty of Versailles | peace document signed at the end of World War I |
| Cold War | a state of political hostility between countries characterized by threats, propaganda, and other measures short of open warfare. |
| Iron Curtain | the political, military, and ideological barrier erected by the Soviet Union |
| Berlin Wall | designed to prevent people from escaping to the West from East Berlin. |
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