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US history test 1
Mexican Warm/American Indian Removal/US independence and Constitution/Slavery
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Which legislation, signed into law by President Andrew Jackson in 1830, authorized the forced relocation of Native American tribes living east of the Mississippi River to lands further west? | The Indian Removal Act |
| What tragic event is characterized by the brutal 1,000-mile march of the Cherokee Nation from their homelands in Georgia to Indian Territory under military compulsion, resulting in thousands of deaths from exposure, disease, and starvation? | The Trail of Tears |
| What was the primary purpose of the Stamp Act of 1765 enacted by the British Parliament? | To raise revenue to help pay down British debt incurred during the French and Indian War |
| The practice of establishing a colony by a parent nation to exploit its resources and secure markets for manufactured goods is known as | Colonialism |
| During the Constitutional Convention of 1787, the Great Compromise resolved a major dispute between large and small states by creating | A bicameral legislature featuring the Senate (equal representation) and the House of Representatives (proportional representation). |
| Which of the three branches of the US government is specifically granted the power to pass laws, declare war, and confirm federal judges? A. | The Legislative Branch (Congress) |
| The policy or extension of a nation's authority by acquiring territory abroad or dominating weaker nations economically and politically is referred to as: | Imperialism |
| Imperialism | Imperialism describes building an empire through the acquisition of territories and economic/political dominance over other regions. |
| What was the name of the treaty that officially ended the Mexican-American War in 1848 and included the "Mexican Cession"? | Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo |
| Which American transcendentalist author and philosopher wrote the famous essay "Civil Disobedience" in protest of the Mexican-American War and the institution of slavery? | Henry David Thoreau |
| In the controversial Supreme Court decision Dred Scott v. Sandford (1857), Chief Justice Roger Taney ruled that: | Congress had no authority to ban slavery in the territories, effectively making slavery legal nationwide in federal lands. |
| Which radical abolitionist led a violent raid on the federal armory at Harpers Ferry, Virginia, in 1859 in an unsuccessful attempt to spark a nationwide slave rebellion? | John Brown |
| "conductor" on the Underground Railroad to rescue enslaved family members and others? | Harriet Tubman |
| Which Reconstruction amendment formally abolished slavery and involuntary servitude throughout the United States, except as a punishment for a convicted crime? | The 13th amendment (post-civil war) |
| Which amendment established birthright citizenship, mandated due process of law, and introduced the vital "equal protection clause" for all persons born or naturalized in the US? | The 14th amendment |
| Which post-Civil War constitutional amendment prohibited the federal government and state governments from denying a citizen the right to vote based on race, color, or previous servitude? | The 15th amendment |
| .Which constitutional branch is vested with the power to enforce laws, act as Commander-in-Chief of the armed forces, and negotiate treaties with foreign nations? | The Executive Branch (President) |
| What is the primary structural duty and power assigned to the Judicial Branch under Article III of the Constitution? | Interpreting the laws and evaluating whether they align with the Constitution |
| Despite the ratification of the 14th and 15th Amendments, how did Southern state governments successfully undermine African American civil rights during the late 1870s and 1880s? | By implementing Jim Crow segregation laws, poll taxes, literacy tests, and violent intimidation |
| overturning the Dred Scott decision | All persons born or naturalized in the United States, and subject to the jurisdiction thereof, are citizens.(14th) |
| Who campaigned heavily on expansion and purposefully sent troops into the disputed border zone to provoke the Mexican-American War. | President James Polk |
| Who went to jail for refusing to pay a poll tax that funded the war, which inspired his famous Essay on Civil Disobedience | Henry David Thoreau |
| Who delivered the famous Fourth of July speech? | Frederick Douglass |
| Who led the Rebellion, which was the uprising of angry, debt-ridden farmers in Massachusetts? | Daniel Shays |
| Who led the violent 1831 slave revolt in Virginia? | Nat Turner |
| 1492 | Columbus Lands in the Caribbean |
| 1765 | Stamp Act |
| 1773 | Boston Tea Party (boycotting) |
| 1774 | First Continental Congress: Delegates from 12 of the 13 colonies meet in Philadelphia to organize a unified response to Britain's punitive Coercive (Intolerable) Acts. |
| First Continental Congress | Delegates from 12 of the 13 colonies meet in Philadelphia to organize a unified response to Britain's punitive Coercive (Intolerable) Acts. |
| 1776 | July 4th/The Declaration of Independence: Drafted primarily by Thomas Jefferson, this historic document formally cuts ties with the British Empire. |
| The Constitutional Convention (1787) | Delegates gather in Philadelphia. Through The Great Compromise, they scrap the Articles and write the new U.S. Constitution, splitting power into three branches of government. |
| Nat Turner's Rebellion | An enslaved preacher leads a violent slave revolt in Virginia, which panics white enslavers and results in much harsher Black Codes across the South. |
| The War with Mexico | Driven by the expansionist goals of President James Polk, the U.S. uses a border "incident" at the Rio Grande to declare war. Congressman Abraham Lincoln challenges the war, while Henry David Thoreau writes his Essay on Civil Disobedience in protest. |
| 1847 — Fall of Mexico City | Following the bombardment of Veracruz, U.S. troops storm the capital. Six teenage military cadets (Niños Héroes) die defending Chapultepec Castle. Immigrant soldiers called the San Patricios fight on Mexico's side. |
| 1848 — Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo | The war ends. Mexico signs over the Mexican Cession (including California) for $15 million. |
| The Rise of Jim Crow | Late 1870s–1880/Ku Klux Klan uses terror and Southern states pass Jim Crow laws and voting barriers to systematically strip Black citizens of their rights. |
| Emancipation Proclamation | Lincoln's executive order frees slaves in Confederate-held lands and allows Black Soldiers to enlist in the Union military. This same year sees the violent anti-conscription |
| Secession | The formal, legal withdrawal of a region or state from a larger political union or country. |
| U.S. Assimilation Tactics | strategies designed to destroy Native American cultures, forced Native Americans to adopt white American customs, cut their hair, convert to Christianity, speak English, and adopt private land ownership. |
| 1860 — Election of Abraham Lincoln & Secession | won the White House without winning a single Southern state. Fearing his presidency threatened their economic system, Southern states immediately began their formal withdrawal (secession) from the United States to form the Confederacy. |
| Dred Scott v. Sandford | An infamous Supreme Court ruling involving Dred Scott, an enslaved man who sued for freedom after living in free territories. Chief Justice Roger Taney ruled that African Americans were not citizens. |
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