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Med 232 HW 7&8 half
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What medical conditions place pressure on the atria, causing atrial dysrhythmias to occur? | Myocardial infarction, valvular problems, neurological influences |
| What kind of impulse causes atrial dysrhythmias? | Ectopic |
| In a premature atrial complex (PAC), the P wave may be biphasic. This means that: | the waveform has both positive and negative deflections on the ECG tracing. |
| A pattern in which every third complex is a premature beat is referred to as: | trigeminy |
| Which atrial dysrhythmia has a cardiac complex that occurs too soon and may have abnormal P waves, but other than being ''early,'' has no other abnormal features? | Premature atrial complexes (PAC) |
| A cardiac cell or group of cells that produces an ectopic beat is known as a: | focus. |
| How many different P wave configurations in the same lead indicate a wandering atrial pacemaker (WAP)? | Three |
| WAP is a normal finding in children, older adults, and well-conditioned athletes. It may also be found in patients with: | organic heart disease and drug toxicity. |
| 9. Identify the following rhythm: | Wandering atrial pacemaker |
| Multifocal atrial tachycardia (MAT) is sometimes confused with which of the following dysrhythmias? | Wandering atrial pacemaker (WAP) |
| What is the rate of wandering atrial pacemaker rhythm (WAP)? | 60 to 100 beats per minute |
| Which statement correctly describes the P wave in multifocal atrial tachycardia? | It changes from beat to beat. |
| What is the rate of multifocal atrial tachycardia (MAT)? | 101 to 150 beats per minute |
| Multifocal atrial tachycardia (MAT) is usually triggered by congestive heart failure (CHF), acute mitral valve regurgitation, or an acute attack of: | emphysema. |
| 15. Identify the following rhythm: | Multifocal atrial tachycardia (MAT) |
| Which atrial dysrhythmia has capital F waves and a classic sawtooth or picket fence appearance? | Atrial flutter |
| What is the atrial rate in atrial flutter? | 250 to 350 beats per minute |
| What term describes the ability of the heart to initiate an electrical impulse without being stimulated by another or independent source? | Automaticity |
| 19. Identify the following rhythm: | Atrial flutter |
| What occurs immediately prior to ventricular systole when blood is ejected from the atria into the ventricles? | Atrial kick |
| The loss of atrial kick contributes to what percent decrease in cardiac output? | 10% to 30% |
| Which rhythm occurs when the atria quiver like a bowl of Jell-O? | Atrial fibrillation |
| What atrial dysrhythmia has lowercase "f" waves, chaotic atrial electrical activity, and irregular R-R intervals? | Atrial fibrillation |
| 24. Identify the following rhythm: | Atrial fibrillation |
| What is the major health risk for patients with atrial fibrillation? | Thrombus formation or embolism |
| What treatment is usually attempted for patients with atrial fibrillation? | Medication and/or electrical cardioversion |
| A traveling blood clot in the lungs is known as: | pulmonary embolism. |
| A stroke caused by a hemorrhage in the brain, or more often by a clot lodged in a cerebral artery, is known as a: | cerebrovascular accident (CVA). |
| Which of these health issues is not a possible complication of having a thrombus form in the atria as a result of atrial fibrillation? | Congestive heart failure |
| Patients with new onset of atrial fibrillation often complain of: | dizziness and nausea. |
| What treatment is usually indicated for patients with atrial flutter? | Oxygen therapy |
| How would frequent premature atrial complexes (PACs) affect a patient with coronary artery disease? | Low cardiac output |
| What symptom might a patient with frequent PACs complain of? | Palpitations |
| Which atrial dysrhythmia results from a reentry pathway that is similar to finding a shortcut to work or school, bypassing the normal traffic route to get to the destination faster? | Atrial flutter |
| Which of the following terms describes electrical impulses that originate in the atria and initiate an early impulse that interrupts the inherent regular rhythm? | Premature atrial complexes (PACs) |
| Which atrial dysrhythmia has a changing P wave configuration with at least three variations in one lead and may also have an irregular rhythm? | Wandering atrial pacemaker (WAP) |
| Which atrial dysrhythmia has a clearly changing P wave and a heart rate of 101 to 150 beats per minute? | Multifocal atrial tachycardia (MAT) |
| Which rhythm is often a transient dysrhythmia that will lead to a more serious atrial dysrhythmia if not treated? | Atrial flutter |
| Which atrial dysrhythmia occurs when electrical impulses come from areas of reentry pathways or multiple ectopic foci? | Atrial fibrillation |
| Patients who have atrial fibrillation may have a loss of stroke volume of between: | 20% and 30%. |
| Which atrial dysrhythmia shows chaotic, disorganized activity between normal, but irregular, QRS complexes? | Atrial fibrillation |
| In which of the atrial dysrhythmias is the atrial rate impossible to determine? | Atrial fibrillation |
| Some patients can tolerate the loss of atrial kick if the heart rate remains between: | 60 and 100 beats per minute. |
| In which atrial dysrhythmia does the pacemaker site shift between the SA node, other sites in the atria, and/or the AV junction? | Wandering atrial pacemaker |
| When labeling an ECG tracing that shows PACs, what additional information should you document on the tracing? | The underlying rhythm and the type of PACs |
| If ectopic impulses are occurring in the heart at a rate that is faster than the SA node, | the ectopic beat overrides the SA node and causes the atria and ventricles to depolarize. |
| Which portion of the ECG tracing is primarily affected by atrial dysrhythmias? | P waves |
| What causes the different P wave morphologies in an ECG tracing that shows wandering atrial pacemaker? | The varying sites of the ectopic impulses |
| Which of the following statements describes the PR interval in a wandering atrial pacemaker rhythm? | It varies with the site of the atrial pacemaker. |
| You have performed an ECG on a 68-year-old man and you quickly identify the rhythm as atrial fibrillation. The patient's heart rate is 192 and he appears pale and unresponsive. You inform the physician immediately because you know that the first treatment | slow the heart rate. |
| You are about to perform an ECG on a patient who has been hospitalized for acute congestive heart failure. Which of the following atrial dysrhythmias is this patient most likely to develop? | Multifocal atrial tachycardia |
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