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NUTR Exam 2
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| T/F: Two glucose molecules bound together form lactose. | False |
| What are starches made of? | Glucose |
| Starch can be found in? | Grains and legumes |
| What term means to create glycogen? | Glycogenesis |
| Consuming dietary sources of ____ may help lower blood cholesterol levels. | Soluble fiber |
| When blood glucose is low, and a person does not eat soon after, the body uses glucose from ______ to raise blood sugar and make ATP | Glycogen |
| What food is an effective stool softening agent? | Oat bran |
| Name 3 Carbohydrates that are Monosaccharides. | Fructose, Galactose, Glucose |
| Name 3 Carbohydrates that are Disaccharides. | Sucrose, Lactose, Maltose |
| Name 1 carbohydrate that is a Polysaccharide. | Starch |
| What fasting blood glucose range indicates prediabetes? | 100-125mg/dL |
| What HbA1c range indicates prediabetes? | 5.7 - 6.4% |
| What is glycogenolysis? | Breaking down stored glycogen to release glucose |
| What type of diabetes can be treated by injecting insulin directly into the bloodstream? | Type 2, Type 1, and Gestational diabetes |
| T/F: Glucagon is the hormone that is secreted in response to low blood sugar. It helps raise blood glucose levels to within normal range. | True |
| What is needed to allow glucose to enter muscle and fat cells? | Insulin |
| What enzymes are mainly responsible for completing the digestion of carbohydrates into monosaccharides? | Brush border enzymes |
| T/F: Salivary amylase digests starches in the mouth and is inactivated by bicarbonate ions in the stomach | False |
| What molecule is the major product of the reaction catalyzed by pancreatic amylase? | maltose (a disaccharide) |
| What effect do saturated fats have on LDL cholesterol? | They increase LDL |
| What is the most common form of fat in the diet and in the body? | Triglycerides |
| What does HDL do? | Help transport cholesterol back to the liver |
| Dietary fat provides the essential fatty acids, ___ and ____ needed for proper growth and development | Linolenic, Linoleic |
| The main function of a triglyceride is? | Storing fatty acids |
| What food would typically contain cholesterol? | Baked chicken |
| Characteristics of omega 3 and omega 6 fatty acids include... | They must be supplied from diet |
| What hormone helps cells take up glucose after a meal? | Insulin |
| What are common symptoms of hypoglycemia? | Shaking, sweating, hunger, and headaches |
| What are common symptoms of hyperglycemia? | Increased thirst and frequent urination |
| What is a major benefit of soluble fiber? | Helps lower LDL cholesterol and slow glucose absorption |
| What is atherosclerosis? | Buildup of plaque in artery walls |
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