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Lactation
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Cluster/claw | Contraption that hangs off the cow's udders to milk them |
| Inflations | Rubber cups that sit inside the cluster |
| What technology is used to milk cows? | A vacuum |
| Explain the path the milk takes when being milked | Grand cistern into teat cistern, passes through teat meatus and into inflation and milk tube by a vacuum tube |
| What are the phases of modern milking machines | Milking phase and rest phase |
| Milking phase | Vacuum tube pulls milk out of cistern |
| Rest phase | Close off vacuum so teat and gland cistern can refill |
| How many milking cycles can be done in a second | 60 |
| Step 1A of modern milking | Provide a low stress environment in the parlor so hormones are not affected |
| Step 1B of modern milking | Check foremilk and udder for mastitis |
| Foremilk | First milk that comes out of the udder |
| Step 1C of modern milking | Wash teats with udder wash solution or pre-dip teats with an effective disinfectant solution for 30 seconds |
| Step 1D of modern milking | Dry off teats with an individual towel |
| Step 2A of modern milking | Attach cluster within 90-120 seconds after initial stimulation |
| Step 2B of modern milking | Take off unit when milk stops flowing |
| How long does it typically take to milk a cow? | 10 minutes |
| Step 3 of modern milking | Post-dip the udders |
| Post-dip | Reclean the teat to keep it from getting infected |
| How often do you milk cows? | 2-3 times a day |
| Why do large dairies typically milk 3 times per day? | You can get 10% more milk production but it requires better facilities |
| When do parlors run? | 24/7 |
| Where does milk go after milking? | Bulk tanks |
| How is milk transported to processing plants? | Cooled tanker trucks |
| Where are processing plants located? | Often close to where dairies are |
| Southwest Cheese | Processing plant in Clovis, NM, processes 3.8 billion lbs of milk, meaning 173 tankers a day |
| Milk deficit state | A state that drinks more milk than what the state produces |
| Milk cooperative | A company or association that gets milk off the farm to a processing plant at a given price |
| Dairy Farmers of America (DFA) | USA's largest milk cooperative, in Kansas City |
| Continuous calving herds | Cows calve year round at any time during the year |
| Countries with continuous calving herds | USA |
| Management practices of continuous calving herds | Freestall barns, TMR feeding |
| Seasonal calving herds | Cows only calve in the spring |
| Countries with seasonal calving herds | Ireland (calve in Feb and March), New Zealand (calve in July and Aug) |
| Management practices of seasonal calving herds | Cows go out and eat in the fields |
| Why do seasonal calving herds calve in the spring? | Match highest grass growth to highest milk production |
| New Zealand and Ireland exporters | EU and powdered milk |
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