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AP World Chapter 5
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Hernan Cortes | Spanish conquistador who led the expedition that conquered the Aztec Empire in modern Mexico |
| Great Dying | Term used to describe the devastating demographic impact of European-borne epidemic diseases on the Americas; in many cases up to 90% of the pre-Colombian population died |
| Little Ice Age | A period of unusually cool temperatures from the 13th-19th centuries, most prominently in the Northern Hempisphere |
| General Crisis | The near-record cold winters experienced in much of China, Europe, and North America in the mid-17th century, sparked the Little Ice Age; led to famines, uprisings, and wars |
| Columbian Exchange | The enormous network of transatlantic communication, migration, trade, and the transfer of diseases, plants, and animals that began in the period of European exploration and colonization of the Americas |
| mercantilism | The economic theory that governments served their countries' economic interests best by encouraging exports and accumulating bullion (such as silver and gold); helped fuel European colonialism |
| mestizo | Term used to describe the mixed-race population of Spanish colonial societies in the Americas, most prominently the product of unions between Spanish men and Native American women |
| mulatto | Term commonly used for people of mixed African and European blood |
| settler colonies | Imperial territories in which Europeans settled permanently in substantial numbers; used in reference to the European empires in the Americas generally and particularly to the British colonies of North America |
| Russian Empire | A Christian state centered on Moscow that emerged from centuries of Mongol rule in 1480; by 1800 it had expanded into northern Asia and westward into the Baltics and Eastern Europe |
| yasak | Tribute that Russian rulers demanded from the native peoples of Siberia; most often in the form of furs |
| Qing expansion | The growth of Qing dynasty China during the 17-18th centuries into a central Asian empire that added a small but important minority of non-Chinese people to the empire's population and essentially created the modern borders of China |
| Mughal Empire | State founded by Muslim Turkic-speaking peoples who invaded India and provided a rare period of relative political unity, 1526-1707; their rule was noted for efforts to create a partnership between Hindus and Muslims |
| Akbar | The most famous emperor of India's Mughal Empire, ruled from 1556-1605; his policies are noted for their efforts at religious tolerance and inclusion |
| Aurangzeb | Mughal emperor, ruled from 1658-1707, reversed policies of religious tolerance and attempted to impose Islamic supremacy |
| Ottoman Empire | Major Islamic state centered on the Anatolian Peninsula that came to include the Balkans, parts of the Middles East, and much of North Africa; lasted in one form or another from the 14th-early 20th century |
| devshirme | Ottoman Empire's practice of removing young Christian boys from their homes and training them for service in the civil administration or in the elite janissary infantry corps |
Created by:
Mrs. Marquardt