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Neuro Disorders
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Cognitive assessment used to evaluate intellectual functioning and identify any cognitive strengths or weaknesses. | Wechsler Intelligence Scale |
| Standardized behavioral rating scale used to assess behavior in different settings, such as home and school. | Connor's Rating Scales |
| Common assessments to diagnose ADHD: | Developmental history, Medical evaluation, Cognitive assessment, Behavioral Rating Scales, Parent/Teacher interviews, Observation, ADHD-Specific assessments to assess core symptoms of ADHD, Educational assessments |
| Adaptive behavior assessment used to assess daily living skills, socialization, and communication abilities. | Vineland Adapative Behavior Scales (VABS) |
| Autism-specific assessments used to assess core symptoms of ASD. | Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule (ADOS) and the Autism Diagnostic Interview-Revised (ADI-R) |
| Core symptoms of ASD: | Deficits in social interaction, communication, and presentation of restricted and repetitive behaviors. |
| Core symptoms of ADHD: | Inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity |
| Common assessments used to diagnose ASD: | Developmental history, Medical evaluation, Cognitive assessment, Adaptive behavior assessment, Behavioral observation, Parent and teacher interviews, Autism-specific assessments |
| Intervention strategies for ADHD: | Medication management, Behavioral therapy (Parent training, school-based interventions), Educational support (Classroom accommodations, Homework support |
| Intervention strategies for ASD: | Applied Behavior Analysis (ABA), Social Skills Training, Speech and Language Therapy, Occupational Therapy |
| ABA focuses on: | improving social, communication, and behavioral skills (e.g., breaking down complex tasks into smaller steps, and using positive reinforcement to encourage desired behaviors) |
| Social Skills Training focuses on: | development of social skills, and can include role-play, social stories, and peer-mediated interventions |
| Speech and Language Therapy for ASD focuses on: | improving communication skills, including understanding and using non-verbal cues |
| Occupational Therapy for Autism focuses on: | managing sensory sensitivities and developing fine motor skills. Can also provide strategies for managing transitions and routines. |
| Common assessments used to diagnose Intellectual Developmental Disorder (IDD): | Developmental history, Medical evaluation, Cognitive assessment, Adaptive behavior assessment, Educational assessment, Sensory and Motor assessment |
| What adaptive behavior assessment is used to assess IDD? | Vineland Adaptive Behavior Scales (VABS) |
| Intervention strategies for IDD: | Early intervention services (e.g., such as those provided by the Individual with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA), Parent training and support, Social skills training, Special education, Structured daily routine, Communication support |
| Who helps diagnose learning disabilities? | School psychologist, Special education teacher, Speech-language pathologist, General education teacher, Parent, Pediatrician (as needed) |
| Evaluation sequence for learning disability: | 1) Referral (from parent/teacher), 2) C |
| Assessment tools: | WISC-V (cognitive functioning), Woodcock-Johnson IV / WIAT-4 (academic achievement), CELF-5 (language skills), Beery VMI (visual-motor integration), BASC-3 or Vineland (adaptive behavior and emotional functioning) |
| How does the IEP/504 Plan Referral process work? | 1) Document concerns, 2) Submit formal referral, 3) School review and consent for evaluation, 4) Multidisciplinary assessment, 5) Eligibility meeting and plan development, 6) Implementation of IEP or 504 plan, 7) Annual review and triennial reevaluation |
| Examples of Motor tics: | repetitive shoulder shrugs, involuntary facial grimacing |
| Examples of Vocal tics: | repetitive throat clearing and involuntary vocalizations |
| In Tourette's Disorder, tics are _________, rapid, and non-_________, and they may wax and wane in ___________ and intensity. | sudden, rhythmic, frequency |
| Tourette's Disorder is diagnosed when both motor and vocal tics have been present for: _____________________, with onset before age ______. | more than one year ; 18 |
| Premonitory urges are: | sensations of tensions before a tic |
| Suppression of tics often lead to __________ or ____________ symptoms. | discomfort; rebound |
| Assessment for Tourette's Disorder involves: | Developmental/Medical History, Observation across settings, Standardized assessments (Yale Global Tic Severity Scale (YGTSS), reports from teachers, parents, and client to understand frequency, severity, and impact |
| A DSM-5-TR diagnosis of Tourette's Disorder also requires (in addition to at least one vocal and two motor tics): | Duration of more than one year, onset before age 18, symptoms not better explained by another condition or substance |
| Intervention strategies for Tourette's Disorder: | 1) CBIT (Comprehensive Behavioral Intervention for Tics), 2) School Collaboration, 3) Family Engagement, 4) Medication |
| CBIT is the _______ standard. It involves, ________ reversal training, ______________ strategies, and _________________. | gold; habit, relaxation, psychoeducation |
| Competing responses for Tourette's Disorder: | Examples: deep breathing or subtle muscle tension |
| Some better known rating scales for ADHD include the: | For parents and teachers: Swanson, Nolan, and Pelham Questionnaire (SNAP),the Conners scales, the ADHD Rating Scale, the Vanderbilt ADHD rating scales, and the Swanson, Kotkin, Agler, M-Flynn and Pelham Scale (SKAMP) for teacher |
| For ADHD, some practitioners will engage in a treatment trial with medication in order to establish or confirm the diagnosis. T/F | True |
| ADHD treatments are much better at correcting deficits than enhancing performance. T/F | True |
| The most common comorbid behavioral diagnoses of ADHD | Oppositional Defiant Disorder and Conduct Disorder |
| Medication is the most effective and reliable treatment for children suffering from the core symptoms of ADHD. T/F | True |
| Stimulants remain the most effective and commonly deployed treatment for ADHD. T/F | True |
| The response rate to stimulants is remarkably high and far greater than for most psychiatric medications. T/F | True |
| With ADHD, perhaps over half of those who initiate treatment with a stimulant, may develop a transient motor tic. T/F | True |
| The three most common causes of IDD are, in order, Down syndrome, fragile X syndrome, and fetal alcohol syndrome. | True |
| Theory of Mind | an understanding that others have their own beliefs, desires, and intentions that may be different from our own |
| With ASD, Children’s activity level or hyperactivity tends to decrease with age, their behavior becomes more manageable, and their self-help skills improve. T/F | True |
| Tools PCPs use to identify early signs of ASD: | The Checklist for Autism in toddlers (CHAT) and the Modified Checklist for Autism in Toddlers-Revised (M-CHAt-R) |
| Social Skills can be used to teach individuals with ASD social _________ and expectations and to improve _________. | norms, empathy |
| A common social skill lacking in individuals with autism is ________ ___________. | joint attention |
Created by:
hdemerly