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pharmacology
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What medications are used for musculoskeletal pain? | Acetaminophen (Tylenol®). Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs). Prescription medications, such as opioids. |
| muskuloskeletal drugs | Baclofen Allopurinol Colchicine Calcium Carbonate Dantrolene Cyclobenzaprine Carisoprodol Diazepam Metaxalone NSAIDS |
| what is a pharmacy? | pharmacy is a place where medications are prepared, stored, and dispensed to patients. |
| Roles of a pharmacy | ○ Fill prescriptions written by doctors. ○ Provide advice on how to take medicines safely. ○ Check for possible drug interactions or allergies. ○ Offer vaccines (in many pharmacies today). ○ Sell over-the-counter medications and health products. |
| Prescription | A doctor’s written order for medicine. |
| Frequency | How often you take the medicine |
| Generic name | The “real” chemical name of a drug. Example: Ibuprofen. |
| Medication route | The way medicine enters the body. |
| Dosage | The exact amount of medicine to take. |
| Brand name | The company’s name for the drug. E.g, Advil is a brand of ibuprofen |
| Drug classification | The drug “family” that tells what type it is or what it does. E,g, Antibiotics |
| Parenteral | Medicine given by injection (not by mouth). |
| SL (sublingual) | Medicine placed under the tongue. |
| SQ (subcutaneous) | A shot given under the skin. |
| Transdermal | Medicine absorbed through a patch on the skin. |
| Inhalation | Medicine breathed into the lungs. |
| Topical | Medicine applied to the skin. |
| IM (intramuscular) | Shot into a muscle. |
| IV (intravenous) | Medicine directly into a vein. |
| SUP (suppository) | Medicine inserted into the rectum. |
| PV (vaginally) | Medicine inserted into the vagina. |
| CRM(cream) | Medicine in a soft foam rubbed on the skin. |
| What do you observe when prescribing medicine? | – Right medication – Right dose or amount – Right patient – Right time – Right method or route of administration – Right documentation |
| Appropriate administration route depends on? | - dosage form of drug avalible - patients condition e.g. level of consciousness - age |
| Ocular delivery | drops, bioadhesives |
| Buccal delivery | Mucoadhesve, spray |
| Sublingual delivery | tablets |
| oral delivery | capsule, pill |
| intravenous delivery | injection |
| intramuscular delivery | depot |
| subcutaneous delivery | depot, implant |
| transdermal delivery | patch, spray, cream |
| pulmonary/ Nasal delivery | Aerosol, spry |
| Vaginal/recall delivery | Gel, suppository |
| intravenous administration time | 30 - 60 sec |
| intraosseous | 30 - 60 sec |
| endotracheal administration time | 2 - 3 min |
| inhalation administration time | 2 - 3 min |
| sublingual administration time | 3 - 5 min |
| intramuscular administration time | 10 - 20 min |
| subcutaneous administration time | 15 - 30 min |
| rectal administration time | 5 - 30 min |
| ingestion administration time | 30 - 90 min |
| transdermal (topical) administration time | variable (minutes to hours) |
| oral medication | the most convenient and most commonly used route of administration solids: tablets, capsules, powders, and lozenges liquids: solutions, elixirs, suspensions, and syrups. |
| Types of injections | – Subcutaneous (SC) injected just below the surface of the skin – Intramuscular (IM) injected into a muscle – Intravenous (IV) injected into a vein – Intradermal (ID) injected in the dermis, under the epidermis |
| Drugs Classifications | Drugs are classified by their common effect on the body |
| Standard (Household) System—>Distance and Length | • Inch (in) • Foot (ft) • Yard (yd) • Mile (mi) |
| Standard (Household System)—Capacity and Volume (Liquid) | • Drop (gtt) medicines, IV drip rates • Teaspoon (tsp)medicines, oral intake • Tablespoon (tbsp)medicines, oral intake • Ounce (oz)oral intake • Cup (c)oral intake • Pint (pt)oral intake • Quart (qt)oral intake • Gallon (gal)oral intake |
| Standard Measurement—Mass and Weight | • Ounce (oz) • Pound (lb) |
| Metric System Advantages | • Used in science • More accurate • Easier to use • Based on unit of ten • Convert units by moving decimal |
| Metric System Basic Units for Measuring | • Meter (m) - Distance and length • Liter (L) - Capacity and volume • Gram (gm) - Weight and mass |
| Kilo prefix | 1000 times |
| Hecto prefix | 100 times |
| Deca prefix | 10 times |
| Kilogram | 1000 grams |
| Hectogram | 100 grams |
| Decagram | 10 grams |
| Deci prefix | 1/10 |
| Centi prefix | 1/100 |
| Milli prefix | 1/1000 |
| Micro prefix | 1/1,000,000 |
| Decigram | 1/10 of a gram |
| Centigram | 1/100 of a gram |
| Milligram | 1/1000 of a gram |
| 2.2lbs = | 1kg |
| 1oz = | 30ml |
| 1ml = | 1cc |
| 1in = | 2.5cm |
| 5ml = | 1tsp |
| 1tbsp = | 3tsp |
| 15gtts = | 1ml |
| 1c = | 240ml |
| 1hr = | 60mins |
| 1qt = | 4c, 2pt |
| 1pt = | 2c |
| 1gal = | 4qts |
| 16oz = | 1lb |
| 8oz = | 1c |
| Converting Medications | D/H * Q = x D = desired dosage H = dosage strength available Q = the form and amount in which themedication comes |
| Military Time rules | • 24-hour clock • No a.m. or p.m. • Avoids errors • 12th hour = noon • 24th hour = midnight |
| Roman numerals | I, V, X, L, C, D, and M 1, 5, 10, 50, 100, 500, 1000 I VALUE XYLOPHONES LIKE COWS DO MILK smaller numeral is in front = subtraction if after = addition |
| Administration route depends on? | • the dosage form in which the drug is available • the patient’s age • the patient’s condition, e.g. level of consciousness, etc. |
| Drugs Classifications | Drugs are classified by their common effect on the body e.g. Depressants, Stimulants, Antihistamines, Opiates, NSAIDs |
| All Parenteral include? | – Subcutaneous (SC) injected just below the surface of the skin (subcutaneous tissue) – Intramuscular (IM) injected into a muscle – Intravenous (IV) injected into a vein – Intradermal (ID) injected in the dermis, under the epidermis |
| Filing Prescriptions | - filed in numerical order - split into 3 groups: Schedule II (CII) = Narcotics, Schedule III–V (CIII–CV) = Controlled substances, General / Non-Controls = Legend drugs and etc - legally must be maintained for 2 years - generally kept for 10 |
| other administrations? | • Sublingual • Rectal • Vaginal • Topical • Transdermal • Inhalation • Ophthalmic • Otic |
Created by:
Cookie~Monster