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ADVNET - FINALS

QuestionAnswer
Which device connects different IP networks? Router — forwards packets between networks.
A switch receives a frame with an unknown destination MAC. What does it do? Floods it through eligible ports in the same VLAN, except the incoming port.
Which device sends incoming data out all its ports? Hub.
Which device filters traffic using security rules? Firewall.
Which cable is traditionally used to configure a Cisco device locally? Console/rollover cable connected to the console port.
Which cable is traditionally used between a PC and a switch? Copper straight-through Ethernet cable.
What does `no shutdown` do? Enables an interface administratively.
Which command quickly displays interface IP addresses and status? `show ip interface brief`
Which OSI layer handles IP addressing and routing? Layer 3 — Network.
Which OSI layer uses MAC addresses and Ethernet frames? Layer 2 — Data Link.
List the OSI layers from Layer 1 to Layer 7. Physical, Data Link, Network, Transport, Session, Presentation, Application.
A file transfer needs reliable, ordered delivery. TCP or UDP? TCP.
Which transport protocol has no built-in delivery guarantee? UDP
Which protocol and port are commonly used for secure web traffic? HTTPS, TCP port 443.
Which service resolves domain names to IP addresses? DNS, commonly port 53.
Which command enters privileged EXEC mode? `enable`
Which command enters global configuration mode? `configure terminal`
How do you save the running configuration? `copy running-config startup-config`
How do you set the hostname to R1? Enter global config mode, then `hostname R1`.
What does `enable secret` configure? A protected password for privileged EXEC access.
Which switch table maps MAC addresses to ports? MAC address table.
How many collision domains are created by a typical switch with four active ports? Four — one per switch port.
Do devices in the same VLAN share a broadcast domain? Yes, normally.
What is a VLAN? A logical Layer 2 network and separate broadcast domain.
How do you assign Fa0/3 to access VLAN 20? `interface fa0/3`; `switchport mode access`; `switchport access vlan 20`.
A link between switches must carry VLANs 10 and 20. Which port mode is used? Trunk mode; allow VLANs 10 and 20.
Which command displays VLANs and access-port membership? `show vlan brief`
Two PCs in different VLANs need to communicate. What is required? Inter-VLAN routing through a router or Layer 3 switch.
Why are subinterfaces used in router-on-a-stick? To route multiple VLANs through one physical router interface.
Which command associates a router subinterface with VLAN 10? `encapsulation dot1Q 10`
What is the usable host count in a typical /24 subnet? 254 usable hosts.
How many usable hosts are in a typical /26 subnet? 62 usable hosts.
What subnet mask corresponds to /27? 255.255.255.224.
Find the network address of 192.168.1.70/26. 192.168.1.64.
Find the broadcast address of 192.168.1.70/26. 192.168.1.127.
Find the usable host range for 192.168.1.70/26. 192.168.1.65–192.168.1.126.
Name the three private IPv4 ranges. 10.0.0.0/8; 172.16.0.0/12; 192.168.0.0/16.
What does 127.0.0.1 represent? Loopback address.
A PC has an IP but cannot reach remote networks. Which setting should you check early? Default gateway; also verify subnet mask and connectivity.
Write a static route to 192.168.2.0/24 via 10.0.0.2. `ip route 192.168.2.0 255.255.255.0 10.0.0.2`
What does `ip route 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 10.0.0.2` configure? A default route using 10.0.0.2 as the next hop.
Which route is preferred when multiple routes match a destination? The route with the longest matching prefix.
An interface shows administratively down. How do you enable it? Enter interface configuration mode and use `no shutdown`.
VLAN 10 PCs work locally but cannot reach VLAN 20. What should you check? Routing, trunks, allowed VLANs, SVIs/subinterfaces, IPs, masks, and gateways.
Broadcasts circulate endlessly over redundant switch links. What should be checked? STP/RSTP configuration and status.
What does a router do with packets destined for a directly connected network? Forwards them out the appropriate connected interface after resolving Layer 2 addressing.
What does a switch learn from the source MAC of an incoming frame? The source MAC-to-ingress-port association, in that VLAN.
What happens when a destination MAC is known in the switch table? The switch forwards the frame out the associated port, subject to VLAN rules.
What is the difference between half-duplex and full-duplex? Half-duplex transmits or receives one direction at a time; full-duplex does both simultaneously.
What is auto-negotiation? A link process for agreeing on supported speed and duplex settings.
Which OSI layer is associated with TCP and UDP ports? Layer 4 — Transport.
Which OSI layer is associated with routers? Layer 3 — Network.
Which OSI layer is associated with switches forwarding Ethernet frames? Layer 2 — Data Link.
What are the PDU names for Layers 1–4? Bits; Frames; Packets; Segments (TCP) or datagrams (UDP).
Which TCP/IP layer includes HTTP, DNS, and SMTP? Application layer.
What is the difference between TCP and UDP? TCP provides reliable, ordered delivery; UDP is connectionless with no built-in delivery guarantee.
Which port does SSH use by default? TCP port 22.
Which port does Telnet use by default? TCP port 23; traffic is unencrypted.
Which ports are used by DHCP for IPv4? UDP 67 for servers and UDP 68 for clients.
Which port is commonly used for DNS queries? Port 53; DNS can use UDP or TCP.
What is the purpose of a NIC? Provides a device with a network interface.
What does an access point provide? Wireless connectivity to a network.
What is the role of a modem? Converts/signals for access to an ISP connection, depending on the access technology.
Which command shows the active configuration in RAM? `show running-config`
Which command displays the saved startup configuration? `show startup-config`
How do you set a console line password to cisco and require login? `line console 0`; `password cisco`; `login`.
What does `banner motd #Authorized users only!#` do? Configures a message-of-the-day banner.
What does `exit` do in Cisco IOS CLI? Moves back one command mode level or exits the current configuration context.
What does `end` do in configuration mode? Returns directly to privileged EXEC mode.
Which command shows the router's routing table? `show ip route`
What does route code C mean in `show ip route`? Connected route.
What does route code L mean in `show ip route`? Local route for the router's own interface address, commonly /32.
What does route code S mean? Static route.
What is the default IPv4 route prefix? `0.0.0.0/0`.
A PC has 192.168.10.25/24 and gateway 192.168.20.1. What is likely wrong? The gateway is outside the PC's subnet; use a gateway in 192.168.10.0/24.
A /26 subnet has mask 255.255.255.192. What is its block size? 64 addresses per subnet.
What are the network and broadcast addresses of 10.0.0.130/25? Network: 10.0.0.128; broadcast: 10.0.0.255.
How many usable hosts are in a typical /28 subnet? 14 usable hosts.
What is the subnet mask for /30? mask? 255.255.255.252.
What is the purpose of a subnet mask? Identifies which IPv4 address bits represent the network and host portions.
What does a default gateway do for a host? Provides the next hop for traffic destined outside the local subnet.
What does DHCP automatically provide to clients? IP configuration such as address, subnet mask, gateway, and often DNS.
A PC receives a 169.254.x.x address. What might that indicate? It may have failed to obtain an IPv4 address from DHCP and self-assigned a link-local address.
What is a trunk's native VLAN on an 802.1Q link? The VLAN whose traffic is sent untagged by default.
What standard is used for VLAN tagging on Ethernet trunks? IEEE 802.1Q.
What is the default VLAN on many Cisco switches? VLAN 1.
How do you allow only VLANs 10 and 20 on a trunk? `switchport trunk allowed vlan 10,20` under the interface.
What command verifies trunk links? `show interfaces trunk`
What is a router-on-a-stick topology? A router uses subinterfaces over one trunked physical interface to route multiple VLANs.
On a Layer 3 switch, what command enables IPv4 routing? `ip routing` in global configuration mode.
What is an SVI? A switched virtual interface, such as `interface vlan 10`, used for management or Layer 3 routing.
How is the STP root bridge chosen? Lowest Bridge ID; priority first, then MAC address when priorities tie.
What is an STP BPDU? A control message switches exchange to build and maintain spanning-tree topology.
What is an STP root port? The best path from a non-root switch toward the root bridge.
What is an STP designated port? The port selected to forward for a given network segment.
What is the main difference between STP and RSTP? RSTP converges faster than traditional 802.1D STP.
What can a Layer 2 loop cause? Broadcast storms, duplicate frames, and MAC-table instability.
What is PortFast used for? Allows an appropriate end-device switch port to enter forwarding quickly without the usual STP delay.
Why should PortFast generally not be enabled on switch-to-switch links? A loop or unexpected bridge could form before STP protects the topology; use it on edge/end-device ports.
A PC can ping its gateway but not a remote network. What should you troubleshoot? Check routing tables, routes in both directions, next-hop reachability, remote interfaces, and ACL/firewall rules.
Created by: user-1782765
 

 



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