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CEE Materials
Stages of Portland Cement
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| I (Normal) ---> II (Moderate) | C3S ↓ C2S ↑ C3A ↓ C4AF ↑ |
| II (Moderate) ---> III (Early Strength) | C3S ↑ C2S ↓ C3A ↑ C4AF ↓ |
| III (Early Strength) ---> IV (Low Heat) | C3S ↓ C2S ↑ C3A ↓ C4AF ↑ |
| IV (Low Heat) ---> V (Sulfate Resisting) | C3S ↑ C2S ↓ C3A ↓ C4AF ↓ |
| C3S is used for | early strength development, rapid hydration, significant heat during hydration |
| C2S is used for | slow hydration, long term strength and durability |
| C3A is used for | flash setting, heat evolution reducing it increases sulfate resistance |
| C4AF is used for | reducing clinker temperature, reducing/freeing calcium hydroxide, cement coloring little to no contribution to strength |
| Gypsum is used for | Slowing down the C3A phase, preventing flash setting/hardening |