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HW 47
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Which of the following is a general urine collection guideline when a patient collects urine at home? | Tell patients to refrigerate the labeled collection container or keep it in a cooler or pail filled with ice. |
| Which of the following is the most common type of urine sample? | random urine specimen |
| Which urine specimen contains the greatest concentration of substances? | first morning urine specimen |
| Which method of collecting a urine specimen is required when performing a urine culture to identify the number and the types of pathogens present? | clean-catch midstream urine specimen |
| Which type of urine specimen can be used to measure a patient's urinary output or analyze substances collected over a specified period of time? | timed urine specimen |
| Which urine specimen is used to complete a quantitative and qualitative analysis of one or more substances such as sodium, chloride, or calcium? | 24-hour specimen |
| A urine specimen submitted for culturing to identify the number and types of pathogens present may be collected by a ________ | clean-catch midstream urine specimen |
| Which of the following would you include in teaching a female patient how to collect a clean-catch midstream urine specimen? | Wipe down one side of the perineal area with the first towelette, down the other side with the second towelette, and down the middle with the third towelette. |
| Which of the following would you include in patient instruction about collecting a 24-hour urine specimen? | Instruct the patient to keep the specimen covered and in the refrigerator throughout the test. |
| The procedure of a inserting a sterile plastic tube into the kidney, ureter, or bladder to provide urinary drainage is _______ | catheterization |
| Catheterization is performed for which of the following reasons? | relieve urinary retention |
| Residual urine is ________ | urine remaining in the bladder after voiding |
| What amount of residual urine is considered abnormal? | 70 mL |
| Which type of catheter is used to collect specimens or to instill medications? | straight |
| Which type of catheter is used for drainage through a wound that leads to the bladder? | cystostomy |
| Which type of catheter is inserted after plastic repair of the ureter and must remain in place for at least a week after surgery? | splinting |
| When instructing a patient about how to collect a 24-hour urine specimen, which patient should be asked about possible urine leakage when laughing or coughing? | 60-year-old female patient |
| A pregnant patient's urine is checked for abnormal levels of protein during a prenatal visit to detect ________. | preeclampsia |
| A pregnant patient who is having pain during urination or pain in the kidney area may be experiencing ________. | a urinary tract infection (UTI) or kidney stones |
| Which of the following may indicate polycystic kidney disease? | proteinuria |
| Abnormally high levels of glucose in the urine may indicate ________ | diabetes mellitus |
| Which of the following is important when obtaining a urine specimen from a patient for drug and alcohol testing? | Explain to the patient that no water may be running in the bathroom while he is providing the sample. |
| Which of the following statements about refrigerating urine specimens is true? | It may affect the sediment and specific gravity. |
| Chemical and microscopic changes that invalidate a urine specimen occur if the urine is kept at room temperature for more than ________. | 1 hour |
| What is the normal lab value for protein in urine? | negative to trace |
| Which of the following is one of the first signs of liver disease? | bilirubinuria |
| On average a healthy adult’s daily urine output, with an adequate fluid intake, is ________ mL per 24 hours. | 1250 |
| Which of the following are nonpathologic causes for colorless or pale urine? | excessive intake of water, beer, and coffee |
| Normal urine color ranges from ________. | pale yellow to yellow |
| Which of the following refers to an insufficient production of urine? | oliguria |
| Renal or urethral obstruction and renal failure can cause ________. | anuria |
| Which of the following measures the concentration of substances dissolved in urine? | specific gravity |
| In which condition would the odor of urine be characterized as “fruity”? | uncontrolled diabetes |
| Increased specific gravity occurs in ________. | urinary tract infection (UTI) |
| When measuring specific gravity with a reagent strip, which of the following is required? | Check the expiration date on the reagent strip container. |
| Which of the following would you include when measuring specific gravity with a refractometer? | Turn on the light and look into the eyepiece to measure refraction. |
| Intermediary products of fat and protein metabolism in the body are ________ | ketone bodies |
| Which of the following is a measure of the degree of acidity or alkalinity of the urine? | urinary pH |
| Hematuria is ________. | blood in the urine |
| The correct procedure for testing for ketones using a reagent strip includes ________ | testing urine immediately or covering and refrigerating it until you can test it |
| A rare condition caused by transfusion reactions, malaria, drug reactions, snakebites, or severe burns is ________. | hemoglobinuria |
| A genetically inherited disorder in which the body cannot properly metabolize the nutrient phenylalanine, resulting in intellectual disability, is ________. | phenylketonuria |
| The presence of which of the following in the urine suggests a bacterial infection in the urinary tract? | nitrite |
| The best urine specimen to test for nitrates is a ________ | first morning specimen |
| Which of the following are present in large amounts in the urine if inflammation is present? | white blood cells |
| Which of the following is important in processing a urine specimen for microscopic examination of sediment? | After the centrifuge stops, discard most of the supernatant from the tube. |
| The liquid portion from the tube of urine that is discarded down the drain after the centrifuge stops is called the ________. | supernatant |
| Which of the following are frequently associated with vaginitis, urethritis, and prostatitis? | yeast cells |
| Which of the following is the most common urinary parasite? | Trichomoniasis vaginalis |
| Which of the following is commonly found in renal disease, in pregnant patients, or after heavy exercise? | proteinuria |
| Which of the following conditions is suspected when a reagent urine strip for human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG) shows positive? | pregnancy |
| Which of the following is part of the medical assistant's responsibility in collecting and testing urine and stool samples? | wear adequate personal protective equipment |
| If the practitioner suspects that a patient has a protozoal or parasitic infection, what type of specimen may be ordered? | O&P specimen |
| When the practitioner suspects that a patient has a protozoal or parasitic infection, what is the minimum number of stool specimens that need to be examined? | 3 |
| Which of the following statements is true about patient collection of a stool sample? | The sample must not be contaminated with urine. |
| In your office, patients collect samples using the patient restroom and leave the samples on the back of the toilet. You send April into the restroom after giving her the collection kit, including three towelettes, and instructing her on how to perform a | Inform the physician or your supervisor and ask whether you should process the sample. |
| Wendy has provided a random urine sample and has returned to the examination room. You notice that the sample is a blue-green color. Which of the following questions would you ask Wendy to help rule out nonpathologic causes for the unusual color? | "Did you have asparagus for lunch?" |
| Tyrone has provided a random urine sample, and you are performing a routine urinalysis. The specific gravity of the urine is 1.043. Which of the following conditions might the physician suspect based on this result? | hepatic disease |
| You are performing a microscopic examination of Mr. Henderson's urine sample. Under high-power magnification, you see the items shown in the picture. Which of the following is the most likely cause? | pyelonephritis |
| Which type of specimen is collected for a urine culture and sensitivity test? | clean-catch midstream urine specimen |
| Bacterial infections can cause symptoms such as loose, bloody, or mucus-tinged stool. These infections are caused by species such as ________ | Salmonella |
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