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EAR Flooding
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What are the primary factors that contribute to river flooding in a given region? | Poor land use (such as on floodplains), season, current depth and velocity of rivers and water content on surface (water in soil); Distribution of flooding over a watershed basin, rate of infiltration, speed of runoff, soil moisture |
| How do urbanization and deforestation influence the frequency and severity of floods? | Urbanization increases probability of flooding and can increase magnitude and Impervious surface coverage has storm drains that carry runoff faster and decrease lag time (time between heavy precipitation and peak discharge) |
| Explain the concept of flood stage and how it is used to predict the likelihood of flooding. | |
| Define lag time in the context of river flooding. How does lag time differ between urban and rural areas? | |
| Why is a shorter lag time between rainfall and peak discharge often associated with flash flooding? | |
| How can flood forecasting models be used to estimate lag time and help in flood prevention? | |
| Compare the characteristics of rivers at their headwaters versus those in the floodplain. How do velocity, gradient, and sediment transport differ between these two areas? | |
| What is the function of a floodway, and how does it help mitigate flood risks? | |
| Describe how water flow differs between the headwaters of a river system and its floodplain. | |
| What are the main features of a meandering stream? How does meandering change the landscape over time? | |
| What processes contribute to the development of point bars and cut banks in a meandering river? | |
| Discuss how flood control measures, such as levees and dams, can alter river behavior and flood risk downstream. | |
| What role might wetlands and natural floodplains play in reducing flood hazards? | |
| Explain the potential environmental and ecological impacts of straightening or channelizing a meandering river. | |
| Explain the main processes involved in coastal erosion and how they impact coastal landscapes. | |
| What are the primary natural factors contributing to coastal erosion? Discuss how waves, tides, currents, and wind contribute to the erosion of coastlines | |
| How does human activity influence coastal erosion? Identify human activities, such as construction and coastal development, that accelerate coastal erosion. Provide examples. | |
| Compare and contrast hard stabilization and soft stabilization methods for controlling coastal erosion. Explain the pros and cons of methods like seawalls, groins, beach nourishment, and dune restoration | |
| Discuss how the balance between sediment supply and wave energy affects the rate of erosion along a coastline. | |
| Explain how sea level rise exacerbates coastal erosion. What are the potential long-term impacts of rising sea levels on coastal communities? | |
| Describe the difference between longshore drift and beach erosion. How does longshore drift contribute to coastal erosion, and what are its effects on sediment distribution? | |
| What are barrier islands, and how are they impacted by coastal erosion? Discuss the formation and vulnerability of barrier islands in the context of coastal erosion and storm impacts. | |
| How do storm surges and extreme weather events affect coastal erosion? Provide examples of how hurricanes, tsunamis, or storm surges have led to significant coastal changes. | |
| What strategies can coastal communities implement to mitigate the effects of coastal erosion? Discuss both structural (e.g., seawalls) and non-structural (e.g., managed retreat) approaches to mitigate coastal erosion impacts |
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PracticeMakesPerfect