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chapter 13&14
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Infrastructure | the many systems and facilities that a country needs in order to function properly |
| Dual agricultural economy | an economy having two agricultural sectors that have different levels of technology and different patterns of demand |
| Agribusiness | the large-scale system that includes the production, processing, and distribution of agricultural products and equipment |
| Hybrid | the product created by breeding different varieties of species to enhance the most favorable characteristics |
| Commodity chain | a network of people, information, processes, and resources that work together to produce, handle, and distribute a commodity or product |
| Vertical integration | the combining of a company’s ownership of and control over more than one stage of the production process of goods |
| Farm subsidy | a form of aid and insurance given by the federal government to certain farmers and agribusinesses |
| Tariff | a tax or duty to be paid on a particular import or export |
| Von Thünen model | a model that suggests that perishability of the product and transport costs to the market each factor into the location of agricultural land use and activity |
| Global supply chains | a network of people, information, processes, and resources that work together to produce, handle, and distribute goods around the world |
| Cash crop | a crop produced mainly to be sold and usually exported to larger markets |
| Fair trade | a movement that tries to provide farmers and workers in peripheral and semi-peripheral countries with a fair price for their products by providing more equitable trading conditions |
| Agricultural landscape | a landscape resulting from the interactions between farming activities and a location’s natural environment |
| Deforestation | loss of forested land |
| Agroecosystem | an ecosystem modified for agricultural use |
| Terracing | the process of carving parts of a hill or mountainside into small, level growing plots |
| Reservoir | artificial lake used to store water |
| Aquifer | layers of sand, gravel, and rocks that contain and can release a usable amount of water |
| Desertification | a form of land degradation that occurs when soil to deteriorates to a desertlike condition |
| Biodiversity | the variety of organisms living in a location |
| Wetland | area of land that is covered by water or saturated with water |
| Salinization | the process by which water-soluble salts build up in the soil, which limits the ability of crops to absorb water |
| Debt-for-nature swaps | agreement between a bank and a peripheral country in which the bank forgives a portion of the country’s debt in exchange for local investment in conservation measures |
| Biotechnology | the science of altering living organisms, often through genetic manipulation, to create new products for specific purposes, such as crops that resist certain pests |
| Agricultural biodiversity | the variety and variability of plants, animals, and microorganisms that are used directly or indirectly for food and agriculture |
| Precision agriculture | a farming management concept that uses technology to apply inputs with pinpoint accuracy to specific parts of fields to maximize crop yields, reduce waste, and preserve the environment |
| Food security | reliable access to safe and nutritious food that can support an active and healthy lifestyle |
| Food insecurity | the disruption of food intake or eating patterns because of poor access to food |
| Suburbanization | the shifting of population away from cities into surrounding suburbs |
| Food desert | area where residents lack access to healthy, nutritious foods because stores selling these foods are too far away |
| Economy of scale | cost reductions that occur when production rises |
Created by:
ThL+