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Med Term Chapter 9
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| an/o | anus |
| append/o , appendic/o | appendix |
| bil/i | bile, gall |
| bucc/o | cheek |
| cec/o | cecum |
| cholangi/o | bile duct |
| chol/e | bile, gall |
| cholecyst/o | gallbladder |
| choledoch/o | common bile duct |
| col/o, colon/o | colon |
| dent/i | tooth |
| duoden/p | dipdemi, |
| enter/o | intestines, small intestine |
| esohpag/o | esophagus |
| gastr/o | stomach |
| gloss/o | tongue |
| hepat/o | liver |
| ile/o | ileum |
| jejun/o | jejunum |
| labi/o | lip |
| lapar/o | abdomen |
| lingu/o | tongue |
| odont/o | tooth |
| or/o | mouth |
| palat/o | palate |
| pancreat/o | pancreas |
| pharyng/o | pharynx |
| proct/o | anus, rectum |
| pylor/o | pylorus |
| rect/o | rectum |
| sigmoid | sigmoid colon |
| stomat/o | mouth |
| anorexia | general term for loss of appetite, usually due to illness |
| aphthous ulcer | small, painful sore in the mouth; Called a canker sore |
| appendicitis | inflammation of the appendix |
| ascites | buildup of fluid in the abdomen |
| cachexia | malnutrition and weight loss that occur as the result of a chronic condition |
| celiac disease | disorder in which eating gluten- containing foods causes an immune response that damages the small intestine |
| cholecystalgia | gallbladder pain, usually from an obstruction of bile duct by gallstone |
| cholecystitis | inflammation of gallbladder, caused by gallstones |
| cholelithiasis | condition in which small stones develop in the gallbladder |
| cirrhosis | disease in which healthy liver tissue is replaced by scar tissue |
| clostridioides difficile | bacterium that is spread by spores in feces; it causes symptoms such as diarrhea and nausea and can lead to serious inflammation of colon |
| colitis | inflammation of the large intestine |
| colorectal cancer | cancer of the colon or rectum |
| colorectal surgeon | surgeon who treats conditions of the colon, rectum, and anus |
| constipation | the inability to eliminate stool |
| Crohn disease | inflammatory disease that can affect any part of the digestive tract |
| dental caries | tooth decay; cavities |
| dentalgia | toothache |
| dentist | medical professional who diagnoses and treats conditions of the teeth and oral cavity |
| diarrhea | frequent elimination of liquid or semiliquid feces |
| diverticulitis | inflammation of sacs that develop in the wall of the colon |
| diverticulosis | disorder in which sac-like pouches develop in weakened areas of the wall of the colon |
| dyspepsia | indigestion |
| dysphagia | difficulty swallowing |
| emesis | vomiting |
| enteritis | inflammation of the intestine, especially of the small intestine |
| esophageal varices | enlarged, twisted veins located in the lower part of the esophagus |
| fecal impaction | hard stool that is stuck in the rectum and cannot be expelled |
| fecal incontinence | inability to control the bowels, leading to an involuntary passage of the stool |
| flatulence | air in the intestine that is passed through the rectum, which can result in cramping or abdominal pain; gas |
| gastralgia | stomach pain |
| gastric cancer | cancer of the stomach |
| gastritis | inflammation of the stomach |
| gastroenteritis | inflammation of the stomach and the intestine |
| gastroenterologist | medical doctor who diagnoses and treats gastrointestinal system conditions |
| gastroesophageal reflux disease | chronic condition in which the liquid contents of the stomach back up into the esophagus; GERD |
| gingivitis | inflammation of the gums |
| heartburn | condition that results from a weakening of the sphincter muscle that joins the esophagus and the stomach and causes a burning sensation in the esophagus; also known as pyrosis |
| hematemesis | vomiting blood |
| hematochezia | passing of stool that contains bright red blood |
| hemorrhoid | an enlarged vein in the rectum or outside the anus that can cause rectal itching, burning, pain, and bleeding |
| hepatitis | inflammation of the liver caused by certain viruses and other factors, such as alcohol abuse, some medications, and trauma |
| hepatologist | medical doctor who diagnoses and treats conditions of the liver and accessory digestive organs |
| hepatology | medical specialty related to the diagnoses and treatment of conditions of the liver and accessory digestive organs |
| hepatomegaly | enlargement of the liver |
| hiatal hernia | condition in which part of the stomach protrudes upward through the hiatus of the diaphragm |
| ileus | lack of movement in the intestine |
| irritable bowel syndrome | condition that causes diarrhea, constipation, or both on a regular basis |
| jaundice | excess of bilirubin in the blood |
| malabsorption | inability to absorb or digest a particular nutrient properly |
| nausea | stomach discomfort marked by the feeling of needing to vomit |
| obesity | condition of having excess body fat |
| periodontist | dentist who diagnoses and treats periodontal disease and places dental implants |
| orthodontist | dentist who diagnoses and treats problems with the alignment of the teeth and bones of the mouth |
| pancreatitis | inflammation of the pancreas |
| peptic ulcer | raw sore in the stomach or duodenum that causes pain, belching, and vomiting |
| periodontitis | inflammation of the tissues and structures around the teeth |
| polyp | swelling or projecting mass coming out of the mucous membrane |
| stomatitis | general term for inflammation of the mouth, lips, or tongue |
| sublingual | pertaining to the area beneath the tongue |
| ulcerative colitis | chronic inflammatory disease of the large intestine that causes cramping, diarrhea, pain, rectal bleeding, loss of appetite, and weigh loss |
| volvulus | bowel obstruction caused by twisting |
| abdominal ultrasound | a procedure that uses sound waves to produce images of the inside of the abdomen |
| appendectomy | surgical removal of the appendix |
| bariatric surgery | surgery performed for weight loss, such as a gastric bypass |
| cholangiopancreatography | procedure that creates a visual record of the common bile duct, the hepatic duct, and the pancreatic duct |
| cholecystectomy | surgical removal of the colon or a part of the colon |
| choledocholithotripsy | process of crushing or destroying a gallstone in the common bile duct |
| colectomy | surgical removal of the colon or part of the colon |
| colonoscopy | procedure in which a colonoscope, or thin tube with a light and video camera, is inserted through the anus to examine the colon |
| colostomy | surgical creation of an opening through the abdominal wall into the large intestine to allow stool to be expelled |
| dental extraction | surgical removal of a tooth or teeth |
| endoscopy | procedure in which an endoscope, or thing tube with light and video camera, is inserted through the mouth into the esophagus and stomach to examine the structures and lining of the upper digestive tract EGD |
| enema | introduction of water or a solution into the rectum and colon as part of a treatment or diagnostic procedure |
| esophagogastroduodenoscopy | procedure in which an endoscope, or tube with light and video camera, inserted through the mouth into the esophagus and stomach to examine the structures and lining of the upper digestive tract; EGD |
| fecal occult blood test | test performed on feces to detect occult (hidden) blood |
| gastrectomy | surgical removal of the stomach or part of the somach |
| hemorrhoidectomy | surgical removal of hemorrhoids form the anus and rectum |
| hepatitis B vaccine | series of shots that protect against infection with hepatitis B |
| ileostomy | surgical creation of an opening through the abdominal wall into the end of the small intestine to allow stool to be expelled |
| laparascopy | procedure in which a laparoscope, or a thing tube with a light and video camera, is inserted through a small incision in the abdominal wall to examine the abdominal cavity |
| lower gastrointestinal series | x-ray of the colon and rectum after the instillation of barium by enema |
| nasogastric tube | tube inserted through the nose, down the esophagus and into the stomach; NG tube |
| ova and parasites test | test performed on feces to detect the presence of parasites and their eggs |
| percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy tube | feeding tube that is placed into the stomach through the abdominal wall; also called a PEG tube or G-tube |
| proctoscopy | procedure in which a proctoscope, a hollow, rigid tube with a light and viewing lens, is inserted into the anus to view the rectum |
| sigmoidoscopy | procedure in which a sigmoidoscope, or a thing tube with light and video camera, is inserted through the anus to view the descending colon and sigmoid colon |
| stool culture | test performed on feces to detect and identify pathogenic bacteria |
| total parenteral nutrition | intravenous infusion of nutrients directly into the bloodstream, bypassing the digestive system; also called TPN |
| upper gastrointestinal series | x-ray of the esophagus, stomach, and duodenum after the patient has swallowed a liquid containing barium; also called an upper GI series or barium swallow |
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