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Chapter 8: Jud.
Judicial Branch
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| jurisdicition | a court's authority to hear a case |
| exclusive jurisdiction | the sole right to hear and decide to hear certain types of cases |
| concurrent jurisdiction | cases that fall under jurisdiction of both state and federal courts |
| plaintiff | a person who is making a legal complaint against someone |
| defendant | a person whom the complaint is about |
| original jurisdiction | the authority of a court to be the first court to hold trials in certain kinds of cases |
| appellate jurisdiction | the authority of some courts to review decisions made by lower courts |
| judicial restraint | the concept that a judge should interpret the Constitution according to the Framers' original intent |
| judicial activism | the concept that the Constitution should be interpreted more broadly, an an evolving document |
| precedent | an earlier court decision that guides judges' decisions in later cases |
| grand juries | panels of citizens set up to hear evidence of a possible crime and to recommend whether the evidence is enough to file criminal charges. |
| bankruptcy | a legal process by which persons who cannot pay money they owe others can receive court protection and assistance in settling their financial problems |
| magistrate judges | district court officials responsible for overseeing some of the early hearings of a criminal trial, may also hear misdemeanor cases. |
| misdemeanor | a minor crime |
| public defenders | lawyers appointed by the court to represent in criminal trials defendants who cannot afford to hire legal counsel. |
| marshals | provide security and police protection at federal courthouses. |
| appellant | a person who files an appeal |
| briefs | written arguments filed by the parties in an appeal |
| court martial | hearings held for the trial of military personnel accused of violating military law |
| writ of certiorari | an order by a higher court seeking review of a lower court case |
| docket | a list of cases to be heard before a court |
| majority opinion | the Supreme Court's ruling in a case that is signed by at least five of the nine members of the Court |
| concurring opinions | statements by Supreme Court justices who agree with the overall conclusion in the case, but stress some different of additional legal reasoning. |
| dissenting opinions | statement written by Supreme Court justices who disagree with the majority's decision. These decisions do not have direct legal impact on the case, but they can influence future judgements. |
Created by:
ersmith1