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Apush vocab quiz 2
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| French and Indian War (1754-1763) | A conflict between Britain and France fought over control of North American territory. Also known as the Seven Years' War, this war set the stage for future tensions between Britain and the American colonies. |
| George Washington | Military leader who was appointed as the general of the Continental Army during the American Revolution. He led American forces to victory against the British. |
| Albany Plan of Union | Benjamin Franklin's proposal to unite the colonies and create a unified colonial council. Though rejected at the time, it represented an early attempt at colonial cooperation. |
| Pontiac's Rebellion (1763-1766) | A coordinated uprising by Native Americans led by Chief Pontiac against British settlements following the French and Indian War. |
| Proclamation of 1763 | A British policy that prohibited colonial settlement west of the Appalachian Mountains after the French and Indian War ended. |
| Stamp Act | The first direct tax imposed on colonists by Britain, targeting paper items such as newspapers and legal documents. This act sparked significant colonial resistance. |
| Sons of liberty | An organized group of male merchants and artisans who actively protested British policies and helped mobilize colonial opposition to taxation. |
| Virtual Representation | A British argument claiming that Parliament represented all English subjects regardless of their location, even if they did not directly elect representatives. |
| Boston Massacre | An incident in which British soldiers fired on colonial protesters, killing five Bostonians. This event increased tensions between colonists and British authorities. |
| Boston tea party | An organized protest in which colonists dumped approximately 50 tons of tea into Boston Harbor to resist British control and taxation policies. |
| Intolerable acts | Punitive laws passed by Parliament in response to the Boston Tea Party. These acts further angered colonists and pushed them toward independence. |
| John Locke | An influential philosopher who wrote about natural rights to life, liberty, and property. His ideas greatly influenced American revolutionary thought. |
| Thomas Paine | Author of the pamphlet *Common Sense*, which convinced many colonists to support independence from Britain through persuasive arguments about natural rights and self-governance. |
| Declaration of independence | A document drafted by Thomas Jefferson on July 4, 1776, formally proclaiming American independence from British rule and outlining the principles of the new nation. |
| Battle of Saratoga (1777) | A successful American military victory that was significant enough to convince France to join the Revolutionary War as an American ally. |
| Benjamin Franklin | A diplomat who negotiated crucial French support during the Revolutionary War, helping secure the alliance that proved vital to American victory. |
| Treaty of paris (1783) | The treaty that officially ended the Revolutionary War and recognized American independence from Britain. |
| Republican motherhood | An idea that women should be educated to raise sons with republican principles and values, reflecting changing views on women's roles in the new nation. |
| articles of confederation | America's first constitution that created a weak federal government. Its weaknesses became apparent and led to the Constitutional Convention. |
| Northwest ordinance | A law that organized western territories, reserved land for schools, and banned slavery in the Northwest Territory, serving as a model for westward expansion. |
| Shays rebellion | An uprising by unpaid Revolutionary War veterans in Massachusetts that exposed the weaknesses of the Articles of Confederation and demonstrated the need for a stronger federal government. |
| Toussaint L'Ouverture | A leader of an uprising by enslaved people in Haiti that resulted in the first black-led independent nation in the Western Hemisphere. |
| continental army | The military force led by George Washington during the American Revolution, representing the unified armed forces of the thirteen colonies. |
| Battle of yorktown (1781) | The final major battle of the Revolutionary War where the British surrendered, effectively ending the conflict and securing American independence. |
| Federalism | A system of government where power is divided between a central government and state governments |
| seperation of powers | The division of government power among three branches: legislative, executive, and judicial |
| Checks and balances | The system that allows each branch of government to limit the powers of the other branches |
| Enumerated powers | Powers specifically listed in the Constitution as belonging to Congress |
| reserved powers | Powers kept by the states under the Tenth Amendment |
| Supremacy clause | A clause in the Constitution stating that federal law is the supreme law of the land |
| Electoral college | A group of electors chosen by each state to formally cast votes for president and vice president |
| Constitutional convention | The 1787 meeting in Philadelphia where delegates drafted the Constitution |
| The federalist papers | A series of essays written to support ratification of the Constitution |
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