Help
Options
Didn't know it?
click below
click below
Knew it?
click below
click below
Don't Know
Remaining cards (0)
Know
retry
shuffle
restart
0:00
Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Unit 2 Chem of Life
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Atoms | The smallest unit of ordinary matter that forms a chemical element. |
| Element | a pure, basic substance made of only one type of atom that cannot be broken down into simpler substances by normal chemical means |
| Molecule | An electrically neutral group of two or more atoms (either the same or different) held together by chemical bonds. |
| Compound | A substance formed when two or more different elements are chemically bonded together. |
| Protons | a tiny, positively charged subatomic particle found in the center (nucleus) of every atom |
| Neutrons | a tiny subatomic particle that has a neutral charge |
| Electrons | a tiny, negatively charged subatomic particle that moves around the center of an atom. |
| Ionic Bonds | When one atom completely transfers electrons to another atom, creating oppositely charged ions that attract each other |
| Hydrogen Bonds | Not really a bond, More of an attraction between positive and negative parts of atoms or molecules |
| Fossil Fuels | the preserved remain, impression, or trace of a once-living organism from a past geological age. |
| Covalent bonds | Sharing electrons. |
| Mixture | is a combination of substances in which the individual components retain their own properties. Ex: mixture of sand and sugar. |
| Solution | is a mixture in which one or more substances (solutes) are distributed evenly (or dissolved) in another substance (solvent) Ex. salt and water. |
| Chemical reaction | A process that changes, or transforms, one set of chemicals into another. |
| Reactants | What goes in. |
| Products | What comes out. The molecules formed from the reaction. |
| Model | a simplified representation of a complex system, organism, or process used to study, explain, or predict how real-life biology works |
| Activation Energy | The energy needed to get a reaction started. |
| Catalysts | speed up chemical reactions by lowering the activation energy needed by a reaction. |
| Enzymes | are biological catalysts that speed up chemical reactions in cells. Typically enzymes are specific, usually only catalyzing one reaction. |
| Substrates | are molecules that interact with enzymes. |
| Active Site | The area where a substrate binds to an enzyme. |
| Enzyme Induced Fit Model | an enzyme's active site is flexible and molds its shape around the substrate as they bind. |
| Digestion | Broken down |
| Synthesis | Built up |
| Denature | When the enzyme loses its 3-dimensional shape and stops working due to a change in temperature or pH |
| Nitrogen Fixation | The process of converting atmospheric nitrogen into ammonia and nitrates. |
| Ammonification | The production of ammonia by bacteria during the decay of nitrogen containing organic matter. |
| Nitrogen Cycle | the natural process that moves nitrogen through the air, soil, water, plants, and animals so that life can use it. |
| Output | Anything produced, created. |
| Ph Scale | is a 0 to 14 logarithmic scale used to measure how acidic or basic (alkaline) an aqueous solution is. |
| Acid | any compound that forms hydrogen ions (H+) when dissolved in water. Acids tend to have a sour taste and in concentrated forms are highly corrosive. Acid examples- lemon juice, coke, vinegar, tomato juice |
| Base (aka alkaline) | any compound that forms hydroxide ions (OH-) when dissolved in water. Bases tend to feel slippery (soap) and have a bitter taste. Base examples- Soap, very salty water (Great Salt Lake, sea water), oven cleaner, baking soda, ammonia. |
| Buffers | are weak acids or bases that can react with strong acids or bases to prevent sharp, sudden changes in pH. |
| Ocean acidification | CO2 dissolved in seawater and forms carbonic acid |
| Organic compounds | Contain carbon and hydrogen atoms. ex. C6H12O6 |
| Inorganic compounds | Do NOT contain carbon and hydrogen atoms. |
| Monomer | a small, simple molecule that can join together with other similar or identical molecules to form a large, chain-like structure |
| Polymer | a very large molecule made of many smaller, repeating chemical units called monomers linked together in a chain or network. |
| Macromolecule | a very large molecule made up of thousands of smaller chemical units linked together. |
| Dehydration synthesis | A process where water (H2O), is released as a by-product of the reaction. |
| Hydrolysis | a chemical reaction where water is used to break down the bonds of a larger molecule, splitting it into smaller pieces. |
| Carbohydrates | are often used as the main source of energy for living things. Composed of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen atoms in the proportion of 1 : 2 : 1 Example: The sugar glucose is a small carbohydrate; its n equals 6. Therefore its chemical formula is C6H12O6 |
| Monosaccharide (simple Sugar) | The building blocks (or monomers) of carbohydrates (simple sugars). |
| Glucose | a simple sugar (monosaccharide) that acts as the main source of energy for your body's cells and brain |
| Galactose | a simple sugar found in milk, Fructose: commonly found in fruit. |
| Disaccharides | contain two monosaccharides joined by dehydration synthesis. Examples: Lactose: commonly found in milk, made up of Galactose and Glucose. Sucrose: “table sugar”, transported in plants made up of Fructose + Glucose |
| Lactose | a disaccharide (a double sugar molecule) naturally found in the milk of mammals. |
| Lactase | a protein (enzyme) produced in the small intestine that breaks down milk sugar (lactose) into simple sugars (glucose and galactose) so the body can absorb them. |
| Input | any matter, energy, or signal that enters a living organism, cell, or biological system from the outside to help it function. |
| Polysaccharides | are carbohydrates formed from linking individual sugars into long chains. |
| Starch | a common storage form of glucose in plants (breads, pasta, potatoes) |
| Cellulose | a polysaccharide contained in the cell walls of plants; gives strength and rigidity to plant cells. Glycogen: a common storage form of glucose in animals (stored in muscles and liver for quick energy) |
| Lipids | Energy storage. Structural support in cell membranes (phospholipids). Serve as reactants (starting materials) for metabolic reactions |
| Fatty acid | a biological molecule made of a long chain of carbon and hydrogen atoms with an acidic group (carboxyl group, or -COOH) at one end. |
| Saturated fatty acids | have the maximum number of bonds possible, they are full. Saturated fats are usually solid at room temperature, and most come from animal products. |
| Unsaturated fatty acids | have double bond(s) in the carbon chain and are not full. Most unsaturated fats are liquid at room temperature, and are usually referred to as oils. |
| Amino acids | are the building blocks (or monomers) that make up most proteins. There are 20 different kinds of amino acids that humans use. |
| ATP | Adenosine triphosphate. ATP has a slightly different structure than DNA and RNA. It contains a base + sugar + three phosphates. ATP is used as energy for the cell. |
| RNA | Ribonucleic acid. Instructions which code for protein synthesis |
| DNA | Deoxyribonucleic acid is the genetic information inside the nucleus of cells. |
| Nucleic Acids | are complex organic molecules that store genetic information in the cell. |
| Nucleotides | are the building blocks (or monomers) that make up most nucleic acids. Nucleotides consist of a pentose sugar + nitrogen-containing base + phosphate group. |
Created by:
user-1736732