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microbio exam 4
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| general characteristics of nonfermenters | DO NOT FERMENT SUGARS oxidize sugars long thin gram negative bacilli or coccobacilli |
| 15% of all gram negative bacilli isolated causes | septicemia, meningitis, osteomyelitis, wound infections |
| O/F test carbs to peptones ratio | 1:5 1% carbs, 0.2% peptones |
| indicator in OF | bromothymol blue |
| oxidative OF results | open: + closed: - |
| fermentative OF results | open: + closed: + |
| nonoxidative OF results: | open: - closed: - |
| incubate OF tubes at ______ for _______ | 30-35 *C for 12-24 hrs |
| pseudomonas aeruginosa general characteristics | fluorescent group (pyoverdin) grape-like odor blue green pigment oxidase and catalase + oxidizes carbohydrates |
| pyoverdin | yellow-green fluorescent pigment |
| pyocyanin | blue green pigment only produced by P. aeruginosa |
| Pseudomonas aeruginosa clinical infections | wound infections in burn patients, pulmonary infections in CF patients, nosocomial UTIs and bacteremia, endocarditis, skin rashes (hot tub syndrome) |
| what organism has a mucoid strain associated with CF infections? | P. aeruginosa |
| Pseudomonas aeruginosa virulence factors | toxins, proteases, hemolysins, slime, lecithinase, elastase, coagulase, DNase |
| ID characteristics of pseudomonas aeruginosa appearance on SBA ADH citrate | green sheen on SBA due to pyocyanin ADH positive growth at 42*C citrate positive |
| pseudomonas fluorescens and p. putida virulence | low virulence |
| alginate | p. aeruginosa; inhibits phagocytosis and chemotaxis |
| p. fluorescens and p. putida are rare causes of | nosocomial infections; UTIs, postsurgical abscesses, empyema, septic arthritis, wound infections |
| differentiating p. fluorescens and p. putida | P. fluorescens is proteolytic and gelatinase positive P. putida is non proteolytic and gelatinase negative |
| second most common isolate of the gram negative non fermentative bacilli | acinetobacter |
| acinetobacter appearance on MAC | purple/blue or peach/pink tint possible |
| where is acinetobacter found | hospitals -- ventilators, humidifiers, catheters |
| acinetobacter causes | UTIs, pneumonia, endocarditis, septicemia, meningitis, wounds, burns, eye infections |
| acinetobacter ID: oxidase catalase motility? | obligate aerobes oxidase negatives catalase positive nonmotile |
| stenotrophomonas maltophilia causes | pneumonia, endocarditis (surgery and IV drug users), bacteremia |
| Stenotrophomonas maltophilia is catalase | positive DNase + esculin + LDC + gelatin hydrolysis |
| burkholderia cepacia is a | nosocomial pathogen |
| Burkholderia cepacia mainly causes __________________, but can also cause | pneumonia in CF patients; endocarditis, UTIs, osteomyelitis, dermatitis, wound infections |
| burkholderia cepacia ID characteristics | oxidase negative, motile utilizes glucose, maltose, lactose, mannitol LDC +, ODC +, ADH - |
| Burkholderia cepacia on SBA | yellow, serrated, smooth, round colonies |
| meedia for pseudomonas aeruginosa | agar F - used to isolate and differentiate by enhancing fluorescein production agar P - enhances pyocyanin production |
| B. cepacia media | B. cepacia selective agar (BCSA) - sucrose, lactose, peptones, natural red, crystal violet, antibiotics |
| B. cepacia growth on BCSA | translucent and rough, growth causes media to change from red to yellow |
| B. cepacia is motile by | a polar tuft of flagella |
| P. fluorescens and P. putida is motile by | a polar tuft of flagella |
| P. aeruginosa is motile by | a single flagellum |
| Stenotrophomonas growth on SBA and TSA | SBA: large, smooth, glistening colonies with a lavender-green pigment TSA: same as SBA, but tan |
| Burkholderia gladioli can be found in | CF and CGD patients |
| Burkholderia mallei causes | glanders |
| B. mallei infections are usually due to | laboratory accident |
| Burkholderia (pseudomonas) pseudomallei causes | melioidosis and septicemia |
| S. maltophilia is oxidase | oxidase negative |
| which burkholderia species is a possible agent of bioterrorism | B. pseudomallei |
| B. pseudomallei on SBA | wrinkled cream to tan colonies |
| B. pseudomallei ID: oxidase motility ADH | oxidase +, motile via polar tuft of flagella, ADH+ |
| media to isolate B. pseudomallei; how does it appear on this media? | Ashdown's media- grows as purple colonies from the uptake of neutral red dye |
| moraxella species are normal flora of the | mucous membranes |
| moraxella carb utilization | negative |
| moraxella O2 requirements | obligate aerobes |
| moraxella are | nonmotile gram negative coccobacilli |
| haemophilus spp characteristics | pleomorphic coccobacilli or rods fastidious nonmotile nitrate positive ferment carbs |
| haemophilus oxygen requirements | facultatively anaerobic |
| haemophilus habitat | obligate parasites of mucous membranes of humans and animals |
| pathogenic species of haemophilus | H. influenzae, H. aegyptius, H. ducreyi |
| X factor | hematin; iron containing compounds released from hemoglobin degradation |
| V factor | NAD; heat labile, can be obtained from potato or yeast extracts |
| prefix para | only need V factor |
| species that require NAD cannot grow on | SBA- use horse or rabbit blood agar |
| how can haemophilus grow on SBA? | 1. if S. aureus is also growing on it - satellitism 2. if sheep RBCs have been heated to 80*C or enzyme treated |
| SBA supplies ___ factor | X |
| satellitism | small colonies of bacteria growing around another colony of a different bacteria as it provides nutrients for the other smaller colony; occurs with staph aureus and haemophilus |
| haemophilus is known to do what in transport | quickly die |
| differentiation of haemophilus is done by | X and V strips on mueller-hinton or TSA |
| quad plates quadrants have what | I - X II - V III - both X and V IV - horse blood with V |
| if haemophilus can grow anaerobically, it does not require | X factor |
| porphyrin test is used to determine | X factor requirement; tests organisms ability to convert delta-ALA into protoporphyrin |
| porphyrin test reagent | Kovac's reagent: p-dimethylaminobenzaldehyde |
| positive porphyrin test | red color with kovacs reagent blue fluorescence with wood lamp |
| H. influenzae virulence | capsule (6 serotypes), IgA protease, adherence, outer membrane components and LPS |
| H. influenzae serotype b | ribose, ribitol, phosphate; antiphagocytic and anticomplementary properties associated |
| IgA protease | cleaves secretory IgA |
| adherence of H. influenzae | most nonencapsulated strains adhere to human epithelial cells |
| clinical manifestations of encapsulated strains of H. influenzae | meningitis in kids under 6 if unvaccinated, epiglottitis, arthritis from bacteremia in joints, cellulitis |
| clinical manifestations of capsulated strains of H. influenzae | bronchitis, sinusitis, otitis media, pneumonia |
| H. influenzae factor requirements | X and V |
| H. influenzae hemolysis | nonhemolytic |
| H. influenzae growth on BAP | fails to grow |
| H. influenzae porphyrin test results | negative |
| H. influenzae is positive for what two carbs | glucose and xylose |
| how to test for haemophilus antibiotic susceptibility | β - lactamase |
| if β - lactamase is positive, treat with | penicillin or amoxicillin |
| if β -lactamase is negative, treat with | cefotaxime, ceftriaxone, chloramphenicol |
| H. aegyptus causes | pink eye (conjunctivitis) and brazilian purpuric fever (BPF) |
| H. aegyptius factor requirements | X and V |
| H. aegyptius media | CHOC supplemented with 1% IsovitaleX |
| H. ducreyi causes | chancroid (STD) |
| H. ducreyi appearance on smears | schools of fish |
| H. ducrey factor requirements | only X |
| antibiotics for H. ducreyi | erythromycin |
| HACEK stands for | Haemophilus spp Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans Cardiobacterium hominis Eikenella corrodens Kingsella spp |
| HACEK characteristics | opportunistic pathogens, gram negative bacillus, catalase negative, capnophilic, fastidious, |
| HACEK is normal flora of the | mouth |
| actinobacillus infection may follow | dental procedures |
| actinobacillus catalase and nitrate | catalase positive reduces nitrates |
| Cardiobacterium colony morphology | small, round, opaque, glistening, slightly alpha hemolytic, may pit agar |
| Cardiobacterium catalase, urease, gelatin results | all negative |
| Eikenella corrodens is usually isolated on | chocolate agar |
| eikenella odor | bleach |
| eikenella colony pigment | yellow |
| E. corrodens: a/saccharolytic oxidase catalase motility | asaccharolytic, oxidase +, catalase -, nonmotile |
| kingsella is oxidase ______________ | positive |
| potential bioterrorism agents | brucella and francisella |
| Kingella oralis is found in | dental plaque |
| kingella grows on | modified thayer-martin agar |
| kingella is differentiated from neisseria by | negative catalase and positive nitrate tests |
| HACEK group causes | endocarditis |
| what is needed for successful isolation of these organisms? | prolonged incubation time, increased CO2, enriched media |
| what three organisms are important causes of zoonotic infections | brucella, pasteurella, francisella |
| most commonly isolated pasteurella species | P. multocida -- causes wounds following cat or dog bites |
| brucella causes | undulant fever |
| francisella tularensis causes | rabbit fever |
| moraxella is oxidase | positive |
| moraxella has been isolated from | respiratory tract, urinary tract, and the eye |
| haemophilus morphology | pleomorphic coccobacilli or rods |
| haemophilus is nitrate __________ | positive |
| blood agar supplies factor ___ | X |
| chocolate agar is essentially | lysed RBCs |
| pseudomonas aeruginosa: | causes pneumonia in patients with cystic fibrosis and wound infections in burn patients |
| yellow OF tube | acid was produced |
| nonfermentative gram negative bacilli are | opportunistic pathogens and healthcare associated |
| H. haemolyticus factor requirements | X and V |
| H. parahaemolyticus factor requirements | only V |
| Legionnaires disease is spread through: | inhalation of aerosols from contaminated water |
| cat scratch disease is caused by | bartonella |
| pontiac fever is caused by | legionella |
| pertussis is caused by | bordetella |
| media for bordetella pertussis | bordet-gengou agar |
| francisella tularensis media | cysteine glucose agar with blood |
| which two organisms produce wrinkled colonies | P. stutzeri + B. pseudomallei |
| what organism is known to produce lavender colonies? | stenotrophomonas maltophilia |
| what organism can cause neonatal meningitis? | haemophilus influenzae |
| haemophilus is nitrate | positive |
| P agar | enhances cyanin production while inhibiting pyoverdin --> blue/ green |
| F agar | enhances pyoverdin production while inhibiting pyocyanin --> shows green fluorescence with long wave UV light |
Created by:
kingsleya27