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science
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What happens when a person does not take antibiotics as prescribed? | The population of bacteria increases and the bacteria can be more resistant. |
| How does the environment affect an individual’s probability of survival and successful reproduction? | It helps them hide or find the right foods to eat. |
| How does natural selection happen? | The species adapt to the environment over time to survive in nature. |
| What role does genetic variation play in the process of natural selection and evolution? | It helps other animals survive. |
| How do mutations affect survival? | If its bad you might not survive, but if it is good you might have an advantage. |
| Why does sickle cell anemia trait frequency vary across the world? | Because some people in areas have the trait and pass it on to other people in the area. |
| How do new species evolve? | They make changes to survive in their environment and to get more food. |
| How are the diverse species living today related to one another and to the species that once lived on Earth? | They have some similar features but just barely changes to survive. |
| What kind of evidence do fossils provide about evolution? | They can show how animals change overtime in the layers of rocks. |
| What other kinds of information can we get from fossils? | We can see where the lived and what they ate and the size that they were. |
| What can you learn about evolution by comparing the fossil records of fish, mammals, and reptiles? | All of the animals had a time period where they were a big amount of them. |
| How did whales evolve? | They were land animals then they slowly lost back legs to live in the water. |
| How can embryos provide evidence about evolutionary relationships? | it can show what animals might have similar traits and also how things evolve over time. |
| Is the current rate of extinction typical / usual? | No, because the rate now is much more than it has been in the best. |
| What is the evidence that resistance to chemical control methods is evolving in other types of organisms? | Organisms are slowly becoming immune to some chemicals by getting used to them then creating a resistance to the chemicals. |
| How have humans manipulated genes in other organisms? | Humans have changes colors or traits of animals to help benefit other people with science or just to look nicer, |
| What causes variations among individual organisms in a population? | Variations among individual organisms are often caused by differences in their genes. |
| How do gene variations arise? | Gene variations arise through mutations, which are changes in genetic material. |
| What can mutations cause? | Mutations can cause changes in an organism’s structure and function. |
| How can variations help organisms survive? | Some variations give organisms an advantage that helps them survive in certain environmental conditions. |
| What happens when the environment changes? | When the environment changes, some individuals may survive better than others because of their traits. |
| What are adaptations? | Adaptations are traits that help organisms survive and reproduce in their environment. |
| How are adaptations passed from one generation to the next? | Organisms that survive and reproduce pass their inherited traits to their offspring and future generations. |
| What happens to helpful traits over time? | Helpful traits become more common in a population over many generations because organisms with those traits are more likely to survive and reproduce. |
| What is natural selection? | Natural selection is the process by which environmental conditions favor certain inherited traits, making those traits more common in a population over generations. |
| What can natural selection lead to? | Natural selection can lead to changes in populations and, in some cases, the evolution of new species. |
| How many species of finches have evolved in the Galapagos Islands? | Thirteen species of finches have evolved from one original finch population. |
| How did the different species of Galapagos finches develop? | Over many generations, the finches developed different beak shapes and sizes adapted to eating different types of food. |
| How are all living organisms related? | The millions of species of plants, animals, and microorganisms living on Earth today are related through descent from common ancestors. |
| What are evolutionary trees? | Evolutionary trees are diagrams that represent hypotheses about the evolutionary ancestry and relationships among organisms. |
| Are all species that have ever lived on Earth still alive today? | No. Millions of species exist today, but billions of species that lived in the past are now extinct. |
| What is extinction? | Extinction occurs when all individuals of a species die out and the species no longer exists. |
| Why do some species become extinct? | Some species become extinct because no individuals have traits that allow them to survive and reproduce successfully. |
| How can geological events cause extinction? | Major geological events can change the environment and make it difficult or impossible for some species to survive. |
| Can extinction have more than one cause? | Yes. Some extinctions are caused by multiple factors or by a combination of complex causes. |
| What does the geologic timeline show? | The geologic timeline shows the vast amount of time since Earth originated approximately 4.5 billion years ago. |
| What patterns does the geologic timeline reveal? | It reveals patterns of the appearance and disappearance of organisms in the fossil record. |
| How old is the oldest known fossil of a single-celled organism? | The oldest known fossil of a single-celled organism dates back approximately 3.7 billion years ago. |
| When did multicellular life originate? | Multicellular life originated approximately 640 million years ago. |
| What was the Cambrian explosion? | The Cambrian explosion was a period of rapid diversification of life that began approximately 550 million years ago. |
| How do scientists study the evolution of major groups of organisms? | Scientists study fossils to develop and test hypotheses about how major groups of organisms, such as vertebrates, evolved. |
| What methods do scientists use to determine the age of rocks and fossils? | Scientists use stratigraphy and radiometric dating to determine the age of rock layers and the fossils found within them. |
| How do fossils help scientists reconstruct evolutionary history? | Fossils provide evidence of past organisms and help scientists understand how organisms changed and evolved over time. |
| How can embryos provide evidence for evolutionary relationships? | Some embryos show traits during development that disappear before adulthood. These traits can provide clues about evolutionary relationships among organisms. |
| What is the sixth extinction event? | The sixth extinction event refers to the possibility that the current rate of species extinction caused by human activities represents a sixth major extinction event in Earth's history. |
| How can the extinction of species affect humans? | The loss of species may cause humans to lose valuable benefits, such as food, medicines, and other resources that organisms provide. |
| How can pesticides affect the evolution of harmful species? | Pesticides can lead to the evolution of resistance. Organisms that survive pesticide use may reproduce and pass on resistance traits, making their populations more difficult to control over time. |
| What is artificial selection? | Artificial selection is when humans select organisms with desirable traits and breed them to produce offspring with those traits. |
| What is the purpose of selective breeding? | The purpose of selective breeding is to produce organisms with desired characteristics, such as specific appearances, behaviors, increased food production, or resistance to pests and diseases. |
| How have humans used artificial selection in dogs? | Humans have selectively bred dogs to produce a wide variety of appearances, sizes, and behaviors desired by pet owners. |
| How have crops and livestock been modified by humans? | Crops and livestock have been selectively bred or genetically modified to improve pest and disease resistance and increase food production. |
| What is genetic engineering? | Genetic engineering is the process of directly modifying an organism's genetic material to produce desired traits. |
| Why is there debate about genetically modified organisms (GMOs)? | There is debate about GMOs because people have different views about their potential benefits, risks, and effects on humans and the environment. |
| What should we consider when deciding whether to genetically modify organisms? | We should evaluate the available evidence and weigh the potential benefits against the possible risks and trade-offs of genetic modification. |
| How does natural selection contribute to antibiotic resistance? | Natural selection favors bacteria that possess resistance traits. These bacteria survive antibiotic treatment and reproduce, passing resistance to future generations. |
| What is multidrug resistance? | Multidrug resistance occurs when a microorganism becomes resistant to multiple medications. |
| How does unnecessary antibiotic use contribute to resistance? | It kills susceptible bacteria while allowing resistant bacteria to survive, reproduce, and spread. |
| What is cryptic coloration? | Cryptic coloration is an adaptation that allows an organism to blend into its surroundings. |
| What characteristics can help an organism camouflage itself? | Color, texture, pattern, shape, or a combination of these characteristics. |
| What did Lamarck believe happened when an organism frequently used a body part? | He believed frequent and vigorous use caused the body part to become larger or more developed. |
| What did Lamarck believe happened to unused body parts? | He believed unused body parts gradually became smaller or diminished. |
| What is natural selection? | Natural selection is the process by which individuals with inherited traits that improve survival and reproduction tend to leave more offspring than other individuals. |
| What does “survival of the fittest” mean? | It means that organisms best suited to their current environment tend to survive and reproduce more successfully. Fitness refers to reproductive success, not simply physical strength. |
| What is descent with modification? | It is the idea that modern species descend from ancestral species and accumulate changes over generations. |
| What is a mutation? | A mutation is a change in the DNA sequence of an organism. |
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