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Chemistry vocab q 2
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Group | Each vertical column of the periodic table |
| period | each horizontal row of the periodic table |
| atom | smallest particle of an element that retains its identity in a chemical reaction (means charge is neutral, protons+electrons) |
| atomic mass | weighted average mass of the atoms in a naturally occurring sample of an element (this is always a decimal because it is a weighted AVERAGE of mass) |
| atomic number | elements number of protons in its nucleus (this determines the identity of the element, this is the basis of the periodic table, this determines nuclear change) |
| Electron | negatively charged subatomic particles (these have no mass and a charge of -1) |
| isotopes | atoms that have the same number of protons, but different numbers of neutrons (the different number of neutrons give isotopes different mass numbers) |
| Mass number | the total number of protons and neutrons in an atom (must be a whole number because protons and neutrons weigh whole numbers, this is the number of nucleons) |
| nucleon | the particles in the nucleus of an atom, this is the total of the protons and neutrons in an atom, equal to the mass number |
| nuclear charge | the charge of the nucleus of an atom, this is always positive and equals the number of protons |
| neutron | Subatomic particles with no charge but with a mass nearly equal to that of a proton (have a mass of 1AMU, found by subtracting atomic number and mass number) |
| nucleus | tiny central core of an atom and is composed of protons and neutrons ( discovered by gold foil experiment, contains all the mass of an atom, has a positive nuclear charge0 |
| proton | positively charge subatomic particles (have a mass of 1 Amu and a charge of +1, determines the nuclear charge of an element, is the atomic number of an element, determines the identity of the atom) |
| atomic emission spectrum | the wave lengths of spectral lines are a characteristic of the element, they make up the atomic emission spectrum (the atomic emission or bright line spectrum is emitted when an electron falls from a higher to a lower energy level) |
| atomic orbital | describes probability of finding an electron at various locations around the nucleus (when an electron absorbs energy, it moves to a higher energy level than normal) |
| excited state | when an electron absorbs energy, it moves to a higher energy level than normal |
| Ground state | when the electrons has its lowest possible energy, the atomis in its ground state |
| alkali metals | the elements in group 1A |
| alkaline earth metals | the elements in group 2A |
| Anion | an ion with a negative charge |
| atomic radius | one half of the distance between the nuclei of the atoms of the same element when atoms are joined |
| Cation | an ion with a positive charge |
| electronegativity | the ability of an atom of an element to attract electrons when the atom is in a compound |
| halogens | the non metals of group 7A |
| ion | an atom or group of atoms that has a positive or negative charge |
| ionization energy | the energy required to remove an electron from an atom |
| Metalloids | has properties that are similar to those of metals and non-metals |
| metals | Generally good conductors of heat and electric current |
| noble gases | helium, neon, and argon are examples of noble gases, elements in group 8A of the periodic table |
| non-metals | poor conductors of heat and electric current |
| transition metal | Elements in groups 3-12 on the periodic table, known for making very colorful compounds and solutions |
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