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Psych Vocab 7
Learning about intelligence
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Algorithm | Problem-solving strategy with a set of instructions |
| Analytical intelligence | Intelligence relating to academic problem solving and computations |
| Anchoring Bias | Fixating on one aspect of the problem to find a solution- faulty. |
| Artificial Concept | Concept defined by a very specific set of characteristics |
| Availability Heuristic | Faulty heuristic where you make a decision based on information readily available to you |
| Cognition | Thinking, perception, learning, problem solving, judgement and memory |
| Cognitive Psychology | Psychology of how people think |
| Cognitive script | Behaviors performed the same way each time; event schema |
| Concept | Category or grouping of information |
| Confirmation Bias | Focusing on information that confirms your beliefs |
| Convergent Thinking | Providing correct or established answers to problems |
| Creative Intelligence | Ability to produce new ideas, products, and solutions to problems |
| Creativity | Ability to generate, create, or discover new ideas, solutions, or possibilities |
| Crystallized Intelligence | Acquired knowledge and the ability to retrieve it. |
| Cultural Intelligence | Ability to understand and relate to those in other cultures |
| Divergent Thinking | Thinking outside the box or creating novel solutions |
| Dyscalculia | Learning disability that makes it hard to understand math |
| Dysgraphia | Learning disability that causes extreme difficulty in writing legibly |
| Dyslexia | common learning disability in which letters are not processed properly by the brain |
| emotional intelligence | ability to understand emotions and motivations in yourself and others |
| event schema | set of behaviors that are performed the same way each time; also referred to as a cognitive script |
| fluid intelligence | ability to see complex relationships and solve problems |
| Flynn effect | observation that each generation has a significantly higher IQ than the previous generation |
| functional fixedness | inability to see an object as useful for any other use other than the one for which it was intended |
| grammar | set of rules that are used to convey meaning through the use of a lexicon |
| heuristic | mental shortcut that saves time when solving a problem |
| hindsight bias | belief that the event just experienced was predictable, even though it really wasn’t |
| intelligence quotient | (also, IQ) score on a test designed to measure intelligence |
| language | communication system that involves using words to transmit information from one individual to another |
| lexicon | the words of a given language |
| mental set | continually using an old solution to a problem without results |
| morpheme | smallest unit of language that conveys some type of meaning |
| Multiple Intelligences Theory | Gardner’s theory that each person possesses at least eight types of intelligence |
| natural concept | mental groupings that are created “naturally” through your experiences |
| norming | administering a test to a large population so data can be collected to reference the normal scores for a population and its groups |
| overgeneralization | extension of a rule that exists in a given language to an exception to the rule |
| phoneme | basic sound unit of a given language |
| practical intelligence | aka “street smarts” |
| problem-solving strategy | method for solving problems |
| prototype | best representation of a concept |
| range of reaction | each person’s response to the environment is unique based on their genetic make-up |
| representative bias | faulty heuristic in which you stereotype someone or something without a valid basis for your judgment |
| representative sample | subset of the population that accurately represents the general population |
| role schema | set of expectations that define the behaviors of a person occupying a particular role |
| schema | mental construct consisting of a cluster or collection of related concepts |
| semantics | process by which we derive meaning from morphemes and words |
| standard deviation | measure of variability that describes the difference between a set of scores and their mean |
| standardization | method of testing in which administration, scoring, and interpretation of results are consistent |
| syntax | manner by which words are organized into sentences |
| trial and error | problem-solving strategy in which multiple solutions are attempted until the correct one is found |
| triarchic theory of intelligence | Sternberg’s theory of intelligence; three facets of intelligence: practical, creative, and analytical |
| working backwards | heuristic in which you begin to solve a problem by focusing on the end result |
Created by:
aims2willi