Group equivalence can be achieved using

random assignment, matching, and propensity score matching.

A randomized controlled trial (RCT) is

a type of true experiment in which subjects are randomly assigned to treatment and control groups and where the focus of the research is on an intervention. RCT is the “gold standard” for evaluating interventions and establishing their efficacy.

Ceiling and floor effects refer to

changes in the dependent variable which cannot exceed an upper or lower limit, respectively.

Order effects refer to

the order of treatments potentially accounting for the results in a multiple-treatment design.

Quasi-experimental designs

do not employ random assignment of subjects to treatment groups because the groups are intact or cannot be randomly assigned for ethical or practical reasons.

have two or more independent variables (with two or more levels) in a single experiment. A central feature of factorial designs is the interaction between the independent variables.

Pre-test/Post-test designs consist of

at least two groups where subjects are tested before & after the treatment and the researcher is interested in the amount of change from pre-test to post-test scores.

Treatment as usual is

a type of control group in which participants receive the routine or standard treatment instead of a ‘fake’ treatment.

Observational research designs include

case studies (cross-sectional and retrospective) and cohort designs (single-cohort, birth-cohort, multi-group, and accelerated multi-group longitudinal).

Crossover designs are

multiple-treatment designs in which subjects are divided into two groups with each group receiving the two treatments in a different order.

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Flashcard Quiz 4

For Research and Design

Question	Answer
Group equivalence can be achieved using	random assignment, matching, and propensity score matching.
A randomized controlled trial (RCT) is	a type of true experiment in which subjects are randomly assigned to treatment and control groups and where the focus of the research is on an intervention. RCT is the “gold standard” for evaluating interventions and establishing their efficacy.
Ceiling and floor effects refer to	changes in the dependent variable which cannot exceed an upper or lower limit, respectively.
Order effects refer to	the order of treatments potentially accounting for the results in a multiple-treatment design.
Quasi-experimental designs	do not employ random assignment of subjects to treatment groups because the groups are intact or cannot be randomly assigned for ethical or practical reasons.
Factorial designs	have two or more independent variables (with two or more levels) in a single experiment. A central feature of factorial designs is the interaction between the independent variables.
Pre-test/Post-test designs consist of	at least two groups where subjects are tested before & after the treatment and the researcher is interested in the amount of change from pre-test to post-test scores.
Treatment as usual is	a type of control group in which participants receive the routine or standard treatment instead of a ‘fake’ treatment.
Observational research designs include	case studies (cross-sectional and retrospective) and cohort designs (single-cohort, birth-cohort, multi-group, and accelerated multi-group longitudinal).
Crossover designs are	multiple-treatment designs in which subjects are divided into two groups with each group receiving the two treatments in a different order.

Created by: Bizzie B

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