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PSYC 4-7
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| gyri – raised surfaces | |
| sulci – dips or folds | |
| dendrites – a branched protoplasmic extension of a nerve cell that conducts impulses from adjacent cells inward toward the cell body. A single nerve may possess many dendrites. | |
| axon hillock – the axon hillock refers to the triangular, cone-shaped region of a neuron cell body which serves as the origin from which the axon extends. | |
| 86 billion neurons in brain. | |
| Each neuron may... | connect with up to 10,000 other neurons |
| The idea that we use 10% of our brains is... | a myth |
| the brain is... | 2% of our bodyweight |
| Neurons can be... | regenerated |
| On average, we lose... | 85,000 neurons a day b/w 20 and 90 |
| - 10% of neurons (Pakkenberg & Gunderson, 1997) | |
| Identical twins have... | different brains, size is heritable but cortical gyral pattern is not. |
| Efferent | takes info away from structure (e.g., motor) |
| Afferent | brings info into structure (e.g., sensory) |
| Interneuron | axon and dendrites all w/in single structure (e.g., within thalamus, or hippocampus, etc.) |
| Elicited Behaviors (EB) | behaviors that are produced |
| automatically in response to a stimulus | |
| Reflex | most basic EB |
| flexion response | automatic w/drawal from hot |
| or sharp object | |
| reflex arc | neural structure that produces some |
| reflex responses | |
| Purkinje Cell | Cerebellum, many dendrites, integrates info from many |
| cells | |
| Bipolar Cell | Retina, few dendrites, integrates info from small |
| number of cells | |
| Astrocytes | exchange |
| chemicals | |
| that help | |
| synchronize | |
| axon activity. remove waste | |
| material (e.g., | |
| neural death) regulate blood | |
| flow | |
| Oligodendrocyte | build myelin |
| Microglia | remove: waste, viruses, fungi |
| etc. | |
| Radial Glia | progenitor cells, involved in making |
| new neurons, guiding | |
| migration of neurons, | |
| and aiding axon and | |
| dendrite growth | |
| importance of glucose | |
| neurons depend mostly | |
| on... | glucose and oxygen, main nutrients |
| that cross b-b | |
| barrier | |
| thiamine deficit | thiamine critical |
| for glucose use, can lead to | |
| Korsakoff’s | |
| syndrome | |
| resting potential – more negative ions inside cell than | |
| outside | charge of –70 millivolts. |
| resting potential – more negative ions inside cell than | |
| outside | charge of –70 millivolts |
| olarization – the normal resting state | |
| Hyperpolarization – inhibitory neurotransmitters received by dendrites, membrane is less permeable to Na+ | |
| resting potential – more negative ions inside cell than | |
| outside | charge of –70 millivolts. |
| action potential – the electrical changes occurring when | |
| neuron fires | |
| absolute refractory period – immediately after firing | |
| relative refractory period – after the absolute | |
| refractory period |
Created by:
ryanhagedorn