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Music unit 2 &3 test
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Gregorian Chant | monophonic sacred plainsong of the Roman Catholic Church. developed in Europe during the 9th and 10th centuries. |
| Melisma | Many notes for one syllable (ex: Gregorian chant, Southern/Black Gospel) |
| Oral Tradition | Passed down through spoken word |
| Hildegard von Bingen | canonized in 2012-experienced visions, many of which manifested as chants. Her work scivias had illustrations, theological writings, and songs and chants. |
| Text Painting | the musical technique of composing music that reflects the literal meaning of a song's lyrics |
| Renaissance | European period of history/cultural movement during the 15th and 16th centuries. characterized by the European rediscovery and revival of the literary, philosophical, and artistic achievements of classical antiquity. |
| Protestant Reformation | theological movement in 16th-century Europe that posed a religious and political challenge to the papacy and the authority of the Catholic Church hierarchy. Towards the end of the Renaissance, the Reformation marked the beginning of Protestantism |
| Palestrina | Italian composer of late Renaissance music. Known for creating counterpoint music (two or more simultaneous musical lines (also called voices) that are harmonically dependent on each other, yet independent in rhythm and melodic contour. |
| J.S Bach | German composer and musician of the late Baroque period. Prolific composer (200+cantatas and ~800 other works). popularized in the 1830s. |
| Church Cantata | Cantata: a vocal composition with instrumental accompaniment, typically in several movements. church cantatas are used in christian liturgies and are associated with bach. they are always in congregation's language and have texts from theological poets |
| Basso Continuo | Harmonic foundation for almost all baroque music - usually you would see that as a combination of harpsichord or organ, along with bass instruments like cello or bassoon. generally consisted of a bassline and a chord progression. |
| Fugue | Multi-voice polyphonic pieces where each voice utilizes the same melodic theme |
| Second Great Awakening | Early 19th century religious movement resulting in the formation of many evangelical denominations |
| Shape-note music | a musical notation designed to facilitate congregational and social singing. |
| Sacred Harp | Most prominent movement within shape-note |
| Southern Gospel | rubato, melody is the soprano, transitioned from participatory to performative over time. mainly in major modern. |
| Rubato | Expressive style of singing/performing that is independent from a sense of pulse |
| Black Gospel | melisma, rubato, improvisation, often recorded live. early rnb and soul came from this tradition. |
| Aretha Franklin | "queen of soul", prominent black Gospel singer |
| Appalachian folk music | traditional music style of the eponymous mountain range and cultural region of the Eastern United States. comes from a variety of influences, such as west African, scottish, english, and Irish. important to development of folk, bluegrass, country. |
| African American Spiritual | a genre of religious folksong created by enslaved African Americans in the American South during the 18th and 19th centuries |
| Dixieland | Precursor to swing from the 1910s from New Orleans |
| Swing | tyle of jazz that developed in the United States during the late 1920s and early 1930s. Swing bands usually featured soloists who would improvise on the melody over the arrangement. |
| Lindy Hop | Black dance style originating in Harlem that became the predominant form of swing dancing |
| Great American Songbook | the canon of the most important and influential American popular songs and jazz standards from the early 20th century t |
| Big Band | Set format for swing bands, consisting of 18-20 people - rhythm section (drums, bass, piano/guitar), trumpets, trombones, saxophones, maybe a singer |
| Vaughn Monroe | American baritone singer, trumpeter and big band leader who was most popular in the 1940s and 1950s. |
| Count Basie | William James "Count" Basie was an American jazz pianist, organist, bandleader, and composer. In 1935, he formed the Count Basie Orchestra |
| Jungle | came out of London raves in the 1990s. mixture of afro-carribean & British rave music. breakbeats, vocal samples, synths. |
| Footwork | style of Electronic Dance Music and a fast-paced dance that accompanies it that originated in Chicago's South and West Sides in the mid-to-late 1990s. |
| Breakbeat | Sampled drum beats from funk/soul records, used by Jungle producers to form the basis for tracks |
| Disco | dance music/subculture that emerged in late 60s from US urban nightlife scene. Its sound is typified by four-on-the-floor beats, syncopated basslines, string sections, brass and horns, electric pianos, synthesizers, and electric rhythm guitars. |
| Disco Demolition Night | Major League Baseball (MLB) promotion on Thursday, July 12, 1979, at Comiskey Park in Chicago, Illinois, that ended in a riot. started by Steve Dahl |
| pros of notating music | Performances more consistent/you don't have to go somewhere to teach the musicians Cultural spread (mass production) Historic preservation |
| cons of notating music | Doesn't account for timbre Errors in transcription Divorced from performance/could over-rely on virtuosity Complex rhythmic notation is difficult |
| In what ways did the Protestant Reformation influence the development of classical music? | Catholic church responded to the schism by rolling back the complexity of the music Less embellishment/less polyphony YOU COULD HEAR THE WORDS Words would be in native language |
| What differences were there between Renaissance and Baroque artistic philosophies | Renaissance was focused on science, form, realism, humanism - focused on the beauty of the world around Baroque era focused more on movement, action, drama, lighting, narrative, mood, angles |
| Differences between Renaissance Catholic (Palestrina) and Baroque Protestant (Bach) forms of service music | Bach - instrumental parts, German, Multi-movement, soloists Palestrina - only voices, Latin, individual pieces |
| What were two immigrant cultures that contributed to Appalachian Music, and how? | Scottish - fiddles, protestant hymns, scottish love ballads West African - washboard, banjo, THE BLUES |
| How dance culture (Lindy Hopping) contributed to the development of swing musically | Rhythmic complexity/syncopation Tempos kept going up - almost a competitive sport Bands got bigger - more instruments that could project (brass, amplified instruments, drums) |
| What are the two main musical origins of Jungle? | Jamaican reggae/soundsystem; English rave |
| What were the musical consequences of Disco Demolition Night? | Became less popular, began influencing new/existing other genres Disco moved overseas |
| What differences were there between Renaissance and Baroque artistic philosophies | Renaissance was focused on science, form, realism, humanism - focused on the beauty of the world around Baroque era focused more on movement, action, drama, lighting, narrative, mood, angles |
| Differences between Renaissance Catholic (Palestrina) and Baroque Protestant (Bach) forms of service music | Bach - instrumental parts, German, Multi-movement, soloists Palestrina - only voices, Latin, individual pieces |
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