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U2T4 Vocab

TermDefinition
1.Asexual Reproduction: A method of reproduction involving only one parent that produces offspring genetically identical to the parent.
2.Sexual Reproduction: A method of reproduction where two parents contribute genetic material through the fusion of gametes, producing genetically diverse offspring.
3.Chromosome A threadlike, condensed structure of DNA and proteins found in the nucleus that carries genetic information during cell division.
4.Chromatid : One-half of a replicated chromosome; sister chromatids are identical copies joined together by a centromere before they separate.
5.Gene A discrete segment of DNA on a chromosome that serves as the basic physical and functional unit of heredity by coding for a specific protein or trait.
6.Allele An alternative version or variant form of a gene located at a specific position on a chromosome that accounts for variations in inherited traits.
7.Meiosis A specialized type of cell division that reduces the chromosome number by half, creating four genetically unique haploid daughter cells.
8.Homologous Chromosomes: A matching pair of chromosomes (one maternal, one paternal) that have the same length, shape, and gene positions, though they may carry different alleles.
9.Tetrad A structure containing four chromatids that forms during prophase I of meiosis when a pair of homologous chromosomes align closely together.
10.Crossing Over The process where homologous chromosomes exchange segments of genetic material during prophase I of meiosis, increasing genetic variation.
11.Gamete A mature haploid sex cell (such as a sperm or egg) that unites with another cell during fertilization to form a diploid zygote.
12.Diploid A cell or organism that contains two complete sets of chromosomes, one inherited from each parent.
13.Haploid (n) A cell or organism that contains only a single set of unpaired chromosomes
Created by: user-2051182
 

 



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