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Unit 5: Cell Work

TermDefinition
ATP a molecule that carries energy inside cells and is the energy currency of a cell
Chloroplast organelle in a green plant cell that conducts photosynthesis
Photosynthesis process that transforms light energy into stored chemical energy
Reactant the input of a chemical reaction
Product the output of a chemical reaction
Cellular respiration process cells use to break down glucose (sugar) using oxygen to release usable energy (in the form of ATP), while producing carbon dioxide and water as waste
cytoplasm a thick solution, made up of water, salts and proteins, that fills each cell and is within the cell membrane
mitochondria membrane bound organelle that makes most of the chemical energy needed to power the cell
Aerobic respiration A type of cellular respiration that requires oxygen to break down glucose completely, producing a large amount of ATP (usable energy), along with carbon dioxide and water as waste products.
Energy the ability to do work
Law of Conservation of Energy states that energy cannot be created nor destroyed; you can only change from one form of energy to another
Law of Conservation of Matter states that matter cannot be created nor destroyed
Matter anything that takes up space and has weight
Anaerobic respiration A type of cellular respiration that does not use oxygen. It produces a smaller amount of energy.
Fermentation A specific type of anaerobic respiration used by certain cells (like yeast or muscle cells under extreme stress) to make energy without oxygen, producing byproducts like lactic acid or alcohol and carbon dioxide.
Carbon Dioxide A gas taken in from the air (or water) by plants to build sugar during photosynthesis, which is then released back out as a waste product when organisms go through cellular respiration.
Oxygen A gas released as a waste product during photosynthesis, but used as an input in cellular respiration to help break down sugar and release energy.
Lactic acid fermentation Process that works to provide energy during anaerobic respiration because the body is not getting enough oxygen to undergo aerobic respiration.
Ectotherm an organism that depends on external sources to regulate its body temperature
Endotherm an organism that can regulate its own body temperature and generate its own internal heat
Created by: user-2068001
 

 



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