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Midterm US History
| Definition | term |
|---|---|
| Indigenous crops grown together: corn, beans, squash; mutually support growth. | Three Sisters |
| Mississippian Indigenous city near present-day St. Louis; agriculture, trade, monumental mounds. | Cahokia |
| Pueblo peoples, led by Popé, expelled Spanish colonizers from New Mexico temporarily. | Pueblo Revolt (1680) |
| Anti-Spanish propaganda portraying Spanish colonization as exceptionally cruel. | Black Legend |
| Separatists wanted to leave the Church of England; Puritans wanted to reform it. | Separatists vs. Puritans |
| Allowed partial church membership for children of baptized but unconverted Puritans. | Halfway Covenant (1662) |
| Metacom (King Philip) led Indigenous resistance to English expansion in New England; devastating losses. | King Philip’s War (1675–76) |
| Religious Society of Friends; inner light, spiritual equality, pacifism. | Quakers |
| Dutch colony; captured by England in 1664 and renamed New York. | New Netherland |
| Mostly Presbyterian immigrants from Ulster; settled the colonial backcountry. | Scots-Irish |
| German Protestant immigrants who formed communities, especially in Pennsylvania. | German Lutherans |
| Colonists increasingly bought imported British goods; rising consumption and trade. | Consumer Revolution |
| Itinerant preacher of the First Great Awakening; emotional sermons drew large crowds. | George Whitefield |
| Black Revolutionary-era minister; argued for liberty and equality and against slavery. | Lemuel Haynes |
| British restricted colonial settlement west of the Appalachians to limit conflict with Indigenous peoples. | Proclamation Line of 1763 |
| Commander of Continental Army; led the colonies to victory; first U.S. president. | George Washington |
| Protest against British tea policy/tax; colonists dumped tea into Boston Harbor; prompted Coercive Acts. | Boston Tea Party (1773) |
| Virginia patriot; opposed British taxation; “Give me liberty, or give me death!” | Patrick Henry |
| Major American victory; helped secure French alliance. | Battle of Saratoga (1777) |
| Cornwallis surrendered to American and French forces; major end to fighting. | Battle of Yorktown (1781) |
| First U.S. constitution; weak central government, no direct taxation power or executive. | Articles of Confederation |
| First 10 amendments; protects individual liberties. | Bill of Rights (1791) |
| Federalist; strong national government, national bank, manufacturing, public credit. | Alexander Hamilton |
| Hamilton vs. Jefferson; strong central government/commerce vs. states’ rights/agriculture. | Federalists vs. Democratic-Republicans |
| Farmers protested federal whiskey tax; Washington’s government suppressed revolt. | Whiskey Rebellion (1794) |
| Jefferson defeated Adams; peaceful transfer of power between political parties. | Revolution of 1800 |
| Warned European powers against new colonization/interference in the Americas. | Monroe Doctrine (1823) |
| Missouri slave, Maine free; slavery prohibited north of 36°30′ in the Louisiana Territory (except Missouri). | Missouri Compromise (1820) |
| Symbol of expanded democracy for white men; Indian Removal and exclusion of women and Black Americans exposed limits. | Andrew Jackson |
| Second Great Awakening revivalist; stressed conversion and reform; influenced abolition and other reform movements. | Charles Finney |
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