Help
Options
Didn't know it?
click below
click below
Knew it?
click below
click below
Don't Know
Remaining cards (0)
Know
retry
shuffle
restart
0:00
Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Normal Size Small Size show me how
chem 115 chp 3+4
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| what are the 2 major subfields of chemistry? | organic and inorganic chemistry. the study of carbon containing molecules (covalent compounds) vs. the study of metal containing molecules (metallic bonds and alloys) |
| what are functional groups? | units of covalently bonded atoms that appear regularly in various molecules. these groups give the molecule a function (C-C alkane, C=C alkene, C-O-H alcohol) |
| what are structural formulas? | used to show how atoms are attached. atoms are represented by chemical symbols. chemical bonds attaching atoms indicated by lines (doesn't show geometry though) |
| what are the different 3D representations of molecules | different colors indicate different elements (H-white, O-red, N-blue, Cl-green). relative size of spheres reflect different sizes of atoms. "ball and stick model" and "space filling model" (shows relative size of atoms and how atoms take up space) |
| what's the way chemists draw in 3D? | they use a specific way to draw, single lines designate bonds that are in plane plane, bold lines designate bonds that are angled forward, and dashed lines designate bonds that are angled backwards. |
| what is a mole? | a mole is a unit of measurement for the amount of a substance. specifically a mole is the amount of a substance that contains the same number of entities as the number of atoms in 12 grams of carbon-12. allows us to relate molecular amount to macroscopic. |
| how much is a mole? | 6.022 x 10^23 entities, 6.022 x 10^23 molecules per mole (Avogadro's number), named after Italian scientist Lorenzo Romano Amedo Carlo Avogadro who proposed that 2 samples of gases at equal pressure and temperature will have an equal number of particles. |
| what are reactions in solutions? | for a reactions to occur reactants need to come into physical contact, happens the best in gas or liquid phase. movement will occur and solution needs to be a homogenous mixture (2 or more components mix freely and molecules or ions are mixed fully) |
| what's a solvent? | a medium that dissolves solutes (component present in largest amount), can be gas, liquid, or solid. aqueous solutions is when water is the solvent. |
| what's a solute? | a substance dissolved in solvent and the solution is named by the solute. can be gas (co2 in soda), liquid (ethylene glycol in antifreeze), or a solid (sugar is syrup). |
| what's concentration in solutions? | method of characterizing solutions, broadly defined as a solute to solvent ratio though the method of measurement can change. C = solute/solvent |
| what's a dilute solution? | small solute to solvent ratio, contains less solute per unit volume than a more concentrated solution (ex: eyedrops/saline solution). relative term. |
| what's a concentrated solution? | large solute to solvent ratio (ex: brine). relative term. |
| what's solubility? | solubility = grams of solute needed to make saturated solution/100g solvent. temperature dependent. saturated solution is point where solvent cannot dissolve anymore solute, unsaturated solution is when solution contains less solute than maximum amount. |
| what's molarity? | M = moles of solute/liters of solution = mole/volume |
| what happens to molecular compounds in water? | they dissolve in water , solute particles are surrounded by water, molecules don't dissociate. |
| what happens to ionic compounds (salts) in water? | water molecules arrange themselves around ions and remove them from lattice, dissociation happens, salts break apart into ions when entering solution, ions separates (except polyatomic ions), electricity is conducted. |
| what happens in dissociation reactions? | ionic compounds dissolve to form hydrated ions. hydrated means to be surrounded by water molecules. in chemical reactions, hydrated ions are indicated by aq after each ion. |
| what's the difference between molecular, ionic, and net ionic equations? | molecular is the complete formulas for all reactants and products, ionic shows the reaction between ions, net ionic emphasizes the actual reaction and focuses on the chemical changes that occurs (no spectator ions). |
| what's a metathesis reaction? | a double replacement reaction (AB+CD=AD+CB), cations and anions change partners, charges on each ion don't change. |
| what's a precipitation reaction? | a metathesis reaction where solid forms (know solubility rules). |
Created by:
sarsar