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U2T4 Meiosis Vocab

U2T4 Meiosis Vocabulary

TermDefinition
Asexual Reproduction reproduction involving a single parent that produces offspring. The offspring are genetically identical to both the parent and each other because they are produced through mitotic cell division.
Sexual Reproduction reproduction involving two parents who each contribute a specialized reproductive cell (gamete).
Chromosome A structure made of a single, long molecule of DNA tightly coiled around proteins. It carries the hereditary instructions (genes) for an organism and is found inside the cell nucleus.
Chromatid One-half of a replicated chromosome.
Gene A specific segment of DNA on a chromosome that acts as a basic unit of heredity.
Allele An alternative version of a gene. For example, if eye color is the gene, blue eyes and brown eyes are the different alleles of that gene.
Meiosis A specialized type of cell division that reduces the chromosome number by half.
Homologous Chromosomes A pair of matching chromosomes (one inherited from the mother, one from the father) that are the same size and shape. They carry the same genes in the exact same positions, though they may carry different alleles.
Tetrad A group of four sister chromatids that forms during the first stage of meiosis (Prophase I). It is created when a pair of homologous chromosomes align and bind closely together.
Crossing over The process where homologous chromosomes trade segments of DNA while locked in a tetrad during Prophase I.
Gamete A mature, haploid sex cell (sperm in males, egg in females). Formed through meiosis, it contains exactly half the normal number of chromosomes of a typical body cell.
Diploid A diploid cell contains two complete sets of chromosomes
Haploid haploid cell contains a single set of unpaired chromosomes
Created by: user-2051230
 

 



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