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skin system quiz
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| skin is also called.. | cutaneous membrane, covers area of 2 meters, take up 7% of total body weight |
| functions of skin system? | regulates body temp, detects sensations, synthesizes vitamin D, fluid loss prevention |
| layers of skin | epidermis, dermis, subcutaneous |
| how many cells are in epidermis? | 4, keratinocytes, melanocytes, dendritic and tactile |
| what do keratinocytes do? | makes up 85% of epi cells, produces keratin |
| what do melanocytes do? | makes up 8% of epi cells, produce pigment |
| what do dendritic cells do? | makes up 5% of epi cells, protects body from microbes |
| what do tactile cells do? | located deep, makes up 2% of epi cells, detect touch |
| what are the layers of epidermal layer? | Corneum, Lucidum, granulosum, spinosum, basale |
| when is a skin graft necessary? | if an injury destroys a large area of the stratum basale and its stem cells. |
| how does keratinization work? | new cells push to surface and get more keratin as they go, then the cells die at the surface layer (stratum corneum) takes 7-10 weeks |
| where do new cell in the epidermis develop? | stratum basale |
| hat is Psoriasis? | common and chronic skin disorder in which keratinocytes divide and move more quickly than normal from the stratum basale to the stratum corneum. they shed in 7-10 days. causes dry flakey skin |
| define epidermis? | the superficial layer of the skin, composed of keratinized stratified squamous epithelium, not vascular. |
| define dermis? | deeper part of the skin, composed of dense irregular connective tissue containing collagen and elastic fibers, vascular |
| what are the layers in the dermis? | papillary and reticular |
| what are the three main pigments in the body | melanin(brown/black), hemoglobin (red) , carotene (yellow/orange) |
| what is albinism? | people with albinism have melanocytes that are unable to synthesize tyrosinase. Melanin is missing from their hair, eyes, and skin. |
| what is vitiligo? | partial or complete loss of melanocytes from patches of skin produces irregular white spots. |
| what structures are in the skin system | sebaceous glands, sudoriferous glands, hair, nails, ceruminous glands |
| how are the epidermal ridges formed? | durring fetal development |
| types of hair? | terminal (thick) vellus (thin) |
| parts of the nail? | nail root, eponychium, lunule, nail plate, free edge |
| parts of the hair | hair bulb, folicle, dermal root sheath, epithelial sheath, cuticle, cortex, medulla, hair shaft |
| define thermoregulation | homeostatic regulation of body temperature |
| what criteria is used to distinguish thick and thin skin? | thin skin has hair folicles, lacking epidermal ridges thick skin has no hair folicles, and has lots of eiderma rdges |
| what kind of injury would require epidermal wound healing? | minor burn, or skin being scraped |
| what kind of injury would require dermal wound healing? | deep cut, major burn |
| what are the 4 phases of deep wound healing? | inflammatory, migratory, proliferative, matureation |
| why doesn't epidermal wound healing result in scare formation? | no blood in epidermal layer so no clotting is needed for repair |
| which structures develop as downgrowth of the stratum basale? | Hair follicles, Sudoriferous glands , Sebaceous glands |
| when do most age related changes occur? | about 40 |
| what causes wrinkles? | Fibroblasts, which produce both collagen and elastic fibers, decrease in number. |
| what is rosacea? | redness, tiny pimples, and noticeable blood vessels, usually in the central area of the face. usually occurs in people age 30-50 |
| what are the two types of ultraviolet radiation? | (UVA) long wavelength 95% that reaches earth (UVB) short wavelength |
| different kinds of skin cancers? | basal cell carcinoma 78% squamous cell carncinomas 20% malignant melanomas 2% |
| cancer risk factors? | sun exposer, skin type, history, age, |
| what are pressure ulcers | constant deficiency of blood flow to tissues. causing a sore |
| define abrasion | An area where skin has been scraped away. |
| define comedo | dead cells in the hair follicle and excretory duct of the sebaceous gland. |
| define contusion | issue deep to the skin is damaged, but the epidermis is not broken. (bruise) |
| define keliod | elevated, irregular darkened area of excess scar tissue caused by collagen formation during healing. |
| define keatosis | a premalignant lesion of the sun-exposed skin of the face and hands. |
| define puritus | means to itch |
| define tinea corporis | ringworm |
| Tactile corpuscles or Meissner corpuscles, are found in which part of the skin? | papillary region of dermis |
| These glands are more common and distributed throughout the skin of most regions of the body, especially the forehead, palms, and soles | eccrine |
| what is herpes zoster? | lesions that are restricted to the skin supplied by a dermatomal segment |
| define acne vulgaris | chronic inflammatory disease of the pilosebaceous unit non inflammatory (white/black heads) inflammatory (papules cysts) common during puberty usually on face |
| pathologies caused by bacteria? | impetigo |
| pathologies caused by fungus? | ringworm |
| pathologies caused by a virus? | herpes, warts |
| Acne conglobta | happens later in life, papules, pustules abscesses on back butt and chest |
| what is the chemical released as an inflammatory response? | histamine |
| define pityriasis | effects children and adults, possible viral infection, rash on neck |
| define lichen planus? | flat topped papules with irregular borders |
| define lichen simplex? | dermatitis from repeated rubbing or scratching |
| what substances might trigger dermatitis? | lotion, laundry detergent |
| why is proper laundering important in clinic? | to prevent the spread of infections |
| what role does histamine play in inflamitory response? | It aids in the bodys immune response, helps white blood cells travel to ad fight infections |
| purpose of inflammation? | To defend and heal the body from viruses |
| signs of inflammation? | Heat and rendess |
| what is pus? | mixture of dead neutrophils, macrophages, damaged tissue cells, and fluid in an infected wound |
| purpose of a scab? | Temporary barrier for skin as it repairs |
| how many stages of pressure ulcers are there | 4 |
| how many degrees of burns are there | 3 first degree, second degree(partial thickness, full thickness) third degree |
| complications of burns | sepsis, organ defunction, fluid loss (hemo-somthing..) |
| how to identify malignment melanoma | A asymmetry B border irregularity C color D diameter larger than 6mm E evolving |
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