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AP psy 3.3 -3.4
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Gender Roles | Societal expectations about how males and females should think, act, and feel. |
| Gender Identity | A person's inner sense of being male, female, or another gender. |
| Stereotype Threat | The fear of confirming negative stereotypes about one's group, which can impair test performance. |
| Sensorimotor Stage | Occurs from birth to around 2 years old, when infants learn through their senses and motor actions. |
| Preoperational Stage | Occurs from about 2 to 7 years old, when children begin to represent the world with words, images and symbols. |
| Concrete Operational Stage | Occurs from around 7 to 11 years old, when children think logically about concrete events. |
| Formal Operational Stage | Emerges around age 12 and continues through adulthood, when abstract and hypothetical thinking develops. |
| Pre-Conventional Child | Moral development stage where children base moral decisions on avoiding punishment or seeking personal gain. |
| Conventional Child | Moral development stage where moral decisions are guided by social rules, expectations, and a desire to maintain social order. |
| Post-Conventional Child | Moral development stage where morality is guided by abstract principles and individual rights, often questioning societal norms. |
| Conservation | The understanding that quantity remains the same even when the shape or appearance of objects changes. |
| Reversibility | The ability to mentally reverse a sequence of events or logical operations. |
| Animism | A belief, typically in young children, that inanimate objects have feelings, thoughts, or life-like qualities. |
| Egocentrism | The inability of a young child to see a situation from another person’s perspective, common in the preoperational stage. |
| Object Permanence | The understanding that objects continue to exist even when they are not visible. |
| Zone of Proximal Development | The range of tasks a child can perform with the help of a more knowledgeable other, but cannot yet perform independently. |