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Week 7 GOV 133 Vocab
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Authoritarianism | A political system in which government is controlled by a ruling elite, without an open mandate from citizens, who are denied equal rights |
| Dictatorship | A political system in which a leader or ruling elite uses a combination of repression and loyalty to remain in power |
| Hybrid Regime | A political regime that has some of the appearances of being democratic, but whose institutions, processes, laws and policies are manipulated to keep rulers or elite groups in power |
| Authoritarian Regime | A political regime based on submission to the authority of ruling elites, limited political pluralism, centralized political control, intolerance of opposition, and human rights abuses |
| Autocracy | Literally "rule by one", but while monarchy (also 'rule by one') is used in the context of hereditary rule _____ is a synonym for dictatorship |
| Coercion | The use of threats, sanctions, of force against groups or individuals as a means of compelling them either to undertake or desist from a particular course of action |
| Patronage | The support, privilege, opportunity, or encouragement given by one individual or organization to another, often tied to appointments to political office or access to political privileges |
| Divine right | The historical principle that European monarchs derived their right to rule directly from God and not from the people |
| Totalitarianism | The most absolute form of government, based around a supreme leader, a single guiding ideology and total political control over all aspects of public and private life |
| Autocratization | The process by which societies move away from democracy and towards political regimes that are more repressive, and in which political participation and expression are restricted and controlled |
| Despotism | The exercise of absolute power, often characterized by the abuse of the powers of office, arbitrary choices, and the use of violent intimidation. The term is interchangeable with dictatorship, tyranny, and autocracy |
| Absolute monarchy | A regime type in which a monarch wields power over a state, and in which all other institutions of government are marginal. Should not be confused with the limited powers of constitutional monarchy |
| Presidential monarchy | A regime type in which a dictator holds the office of president and works to keep the job of life, in the manner of a monarch |
| Personalism | A form of governance in which authority is based less on the office held than on personal links between rulers and their patrons, associates, clients, and supporters |
| Cult of personality | An arrangement in which leaders use the media, propaganda, and political institutions to ensure their dominance of a political system |
| Ruling party | A regime type in which power is controlled and manipulated by a single political party provides only token opportunities (if any) to the opposition |
| Military rule | A regime type in which the government is made up of members of the military, or in which civilian leaders are controlled by military leaders |
| Coup d"etat | An illegal seizure of political powers, usually by the military |
| Corruption | The abuse of office for private gain |
| Authoritarian executive | A presidential executive on monarch whose powers face few constitutional or political limits |
| Co-option (or co-optation) | The process by which leaders encourage political movements or opponents to become part of the governing system, thereby neutralizing opposition |
| Consultative Authoritarianism | The idea that legislatures in authoritarian regimes are used by leaders to give a sense that the regime is prepared to listen to its critics and opponent (up to a point). |
| Traditional ruler | One whose office pre-dates the introduction of modern systems of government, as in the case of rulers whose powers were replaces by those of colonial administrations in Asia or sub-Saharan Africa |
| Warlord | An informal leader who uses military force and patronage to control territory within weak states with unstable central governments |
| Propaganda | Information used to promote a particular political cause or ideology with a view to controlling or changing public minds |
| Digital authoritarianism | The use of information technology by authoritarian leaders to increase social and political control |
| Clientelism | The provision of material goods or public resources in return for electoral support |
| Patron-client relationship | An informal hierarchical relationship between political patrons and their clients, based on favors in return for support |
| Mobilized participation | Elite-controlled involvement in politics designed to express popular support for the regime |
| Political violence | Violence perpetrated by people or governments for political ends |
| Electoral authoritarianism | An arrangement in which a regime gives the appearance of being democratic, and offering voters choice, while concealing its authoritarian qualities |
| Ballot stuffing | A form of electoral fraud in which a person limited by law to a single vote is able to cast multiple votes in a single booth or to vote in multiple locations |
| Cartel party | A leading party that exploits its dominance of the political market to establish rules of the game, such as public funding which reinforces its own strong position |
| Resource curse | A phenomenon in which a state that is well endowed in a particular natural resource, or a limited selection of resources, experiences lower economic growth thanks to unbalanced policy, extensive corruption, and internal conflict |
| State capitalism | A system in which the state wields a high degree of control over the economy taking responsibility for many of the functions and activities that would be left -- in a capitalist system -- to the free market |
| Rent-seeking | The use of a resource that resource that results in the transfer of wealth, rather than the creation of new wealth or benefits to society |
| Rentier state | One which earns most or all of its national revenues from exporting raw materials or leading natural resources to foreign companies |
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