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U2T4 vocab

TermDefinition
Asexual Reproduction a mode of reproduction where a single parent organism produces genetically identical offspring (clones) without the fusion of gametes (sperm and egg) or a change in chromosome number
Sexual Reproduction a biological process where a haploid male gamete (sperm) and a haploid female gamete (egg) fuse during fertilization to create a genetically unique, diploid zygote
Chromosome a thread-like structure made of protein and a single molecule of DNA that carries an organism's genetic information
Chromatid one of the two identical halves of a duplicated chromosome formed during cell division
Gene (use glossary) A gene is a specific sequence of DNA occupying a fixed location on a chromosome that acts as the basic unit of heredity and instructs cells on how to make specific proteins
Allele (use glossary) An allele is one of two or more alternative versions or variants of a gene or DNA sequence at a specific genomic location (locus) on a chromosome
Meiosis a specialized type of cell division that reduces the chromosome number by half, turning a diploid cell (two sets of chromosomes) into four genetically distinct haploid gametes (one set of chromosomes)
Homologous chromosomes a pair of matching chromosomes—one inherited from the mother and one from the father—that have the same length, centromere position, and gene sequence
Tetrad a group, set, or arrangement of four components
Crossing Over the biological process where paired homologous chromosomes exchange DNA segments during meiosis
Gamete a mature reproductive or sex cell
Diploid two complete sets of chromosomes, with one set inherited from each parent
Haploid a cell that contains a single set of unpaired chromosomes
Created by: user-2051172
 

 



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