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unit 2
Life science again yay...
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| cell | The smallest unit of life. |
| organism | An individual living thing. |
| cell membrane | A thin layer that controls what enters and leaves the cell. |
| cytoplasm | Jelly-like fluid inside the cell where many chemical reactions happen. |
| organelle | A specialized structure inside a cell that performs a specific job. |
| nucleus | The organelle that contains DNA and controls the cell's activities. |
| prokaryote | An organism whose cells do not have a nucleus. |
| eukaryote | An organism whose cells have a nucleus and membrane-bound organelles. |
| atom | The smallest unit of an element that keeps its chemical properties. |
| molecule | Two or more atoms chemically bonded together. |
| lipid | A type of molecule that stores energy and helps form cell membranes, such as fats and oils. |
| protein | A molecule that helps build structures and carry out important jobs in cells. |
| carbohydrate | A molecule that provides energy and can help with energy storage and structure. |
| nucleic acid | A molecule, such as DNA or RNA, that stores or carries genetic information. |
| phospholipid | A molecule with a water-loving head and water-fearing tails that forms most of the cell membrane. |
| cytoskeleton | A network of protein fibers that gives a cell shape, support, and movement. |
| mitochondrion | The organelle that produces most of a eukaryotic cell's usable energy through cellular respiration. |
| ribosome | The cell structure that makes proteins. |
| endoplasmic reticulum | A network of membranes that makes and transports proteins and lipids. |
| Golgi complex | An organelle that modifies, sorts, and packages proteins and lipids for transport. |
| cell wall | A rigid outer layer that supports and protects certain cells. |
| vacuole | A storage sac that holds water, nutrients, or waste. |
| chloroplast | An organelle in plants and algae where photosynthesis occurs. |
| lysosome | An organelle that breaks down waste and worn-out cell parts. |
| organism | An individual living thing. |
| tissue | A group of similar cells working together to perform a function. |
| organ | A group of different tissues working together to perform a specific job. |
| organ system | A group of organs working together to perform major body functions. |
| structure | The shape or arrangement of a body part or organism. |
| function | The job or purpose of a body part or organism. |
| homeostasis | The process of maintaining stable internal conditions in an organism. |
| photosynthesis | The process by which plants and some other organisms use light energy to make sugar from carbon dioxide and water, releasing oxygen. |
| cellular respiration | The process cells use to break down food molecules and release usable energy. |
| mitosis | The process in which a cell's nucleus divides to produce two genetically identical nuclei. |
| passive transport | Movement of substances across a cell membrane without using cellular energy. |
| diffusion | The movement of particles from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration. |
| osmosis | The movement of particles from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration. |
| active transport | Movement of substances across a cell membrane using energy, often against the concentration gradient. |
| endocytosis | The process by which a cell takes substances in by surrounding them with its membrane. |
| exocytosis | The process by which a cell releases substances when a vesicle joins with the cell membrane. |
| species | A group of organisms that can generally reproduce with one another and produce fertile offspring. |
| genus | A classification group containing closely related species. |
| domain | The largest, broadest taxonomic category, above kingdom. |
| Bacteria | A domain of single-celled prokaryotes that do not have a nucleus. |
| Archaea | A domain of single-celled prokaryotes that do not have a nucleus. |
| Eukarya | The domain containing organisms whose cells have nuclei, including animals, plants, fungi, and protists. |
| Protista | A traditional group of mostly single-celled eukaryotes that do not fit into the plant, animal, or fungi kingdoms. |
| Fungi | A group of eukaryotes, such as mushrooms, molds, and yeasts, that absorb nutrients from their surroundings. |
| Plantae | The kingdom of plants, which generally make food through photosynthesis. |
| Animalia | The kingdom of animals, which obtain energy by consuming other organisms and are generally able to move at some stage of life. |
Created by:
Javier velez