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AP Psych 10/13
abnormal behaviors and treatments
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| psychological disorder | disturbance in someone's cognition (thinking), emotional regulation, or behavior that causes distress or suffering |
| medical model | the concept that diseases and psychological disorders have physical causes that can be diagnosed, treated, and usually cured, often in a hospital |
| bio-psycho-social approach | considers interaction between biology, our thinking patterns, and environment to explain behavior |
| diathesis-stress model | assumes that genetics combine with environmental stressors to influence psychological disorder |
| epigenetics | student of environmental influences on gene expression that occur without a DNA change |
| DSM-5-TR | classifies psychological disorders |
| anxiety disorders | distressing, persistent anxiety or maladaptive behaviors that reduce anxiety |
| social anxiety disorder | intense fear of being judged by others |
| generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) | a person is continually tense, apprehensive, and in a state of autonomic nervous system arousal (nothing specific) |
| panic disorder | anxiety disorders marked by unpredictable, minutes-long episodes of intense dread in which a person experiences terror accompanying chest pain, choking |
| agoraphobia | fear of being in open spaces or in public because people fear uncontrollable situations |
| phobias | persistent, irrational fear and avoidance of a specific object (disruptive) |
| OCD | unwanted repetitive thoughts (obsessions) and/or actions (compulsions) |
| PTSD | haunting memories, nightmares, social withdrawal, jumpy anxiety, numbness of feeling, and/or insomnia that lingers for FOUR WEEKS or more after a traumatic experience |
| posttraumatic growth | positive psychological changes as a result of struggling with extremely challenging circumstances and life crisis |
| depressive disorders | enduring sad, empty, or irritable mood, along with physical and cognitive changes that affect a persons ability to function |
| major depressive disorder | in the absence of drugs or another medical condition, a person experiences five or more symptoms for at least TWO WEEKS. at least one symptom has to be depressed mood or loss of interest or pleasure |
| persistent depressive disorder | causes people to experience a depressed mood on more days that not for at least TWO YEARS |
| bipolar 1 disorder | people experience a euphoric, talkative, highly energetic, an overly ambitious state that lasts a week or longer after a depression |
| mania | mood disorder marked by a hyperactive, wildly optimistic state, with poor judgement |
| bipolar 2 disorder | less severe and faster cycling between depression and hypomania |
| norepinephrine | increases arousal and boosts mood |
| serotonin | also improves mood- physical exercise boosts serotonin levels |
| learned helplessness | develops when subjected to bad events over which you have no control, people give up and stop trying to improve their situation |
| rumination | compulsive fretting, overthinking our problems and their causes |
| schizophrenia spectrum disorder | delusions, hallucinations, disorganized speech, and/or diminished or inappropriate emotional expression |
| delusion | false belief |
| hallucination | false sensory experience, such as seeing something when there's nothing there |
| chronic | difficult to recover, slow developing |
| acute | recovery more likely, quick developing |
| positive symptoms | adding to normal behaviors (hallucinations) |
| negative symptoms | absence of normal behaviors (toneless voice) |
| dopamine overactivity in schizophrenia | more receptors mean you are more sensitive to hallucinations |
| dissociative disorders | conscious awareness becomes separated from previous memories, thoughts, and feelings |
| dissociative amnesia | after trauma- complete loss of identity and memory |
| dissociative identity disorder (DID) | a rare dissociative disorders in which a person exhibits two or more distinct and alternating personalities |
| personality disorders | inflexible and enduring behavior patterns that impair social functioning |
| antisocial personality disorder | a person (usually a man) exhibits a lack of conscious for wrongdoing, even toward friend or family members (no guilt) |
| anorexia nervosa | eating disorder where a person (usually adolescent female) maintains a starvation diet despite being significantly underweight |
| bulimia nervosa | eating disorder where a person alternates binge eating with purging, excessive exercise, or fasting |
| neurodevelopmental disorders | central nervous system abnormalities ( usually in the brain) that start in childhood and alter thinking and behavior |
| autism spectrum disorder | appears in childhood and is marked by limitations in communication and social interaction, and by rigidly fixated interests and repetitive behviors |
| ADHD | extreme inattention and or hyperactivity/impulsivity |
Created by:
gwenmartin