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Topic 3 Review
Ancient Greece
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| The Minoan Civilization was located on what island? | Crete |
| The Mycenaean Greeks attacked and destroyed what city in Asia Minor? | Troy |
| Which ancient poet is remembered for being the author of the Iliad and the Odyssey? | Homer |
| What helped establish a common Greek culture? | Worshipping same gods and goddesses, language, works of Homer, Olympics, etc... |
| Greek hoplites fought in a tightly packed battle formation with overlapping shields known as a: | Phalanx |
| A Greek city-state was also known as a: | Polis |
| The region of Asia Minor (modern Turkiye) where many Greek colonies were established was known as: | Ionia |
| What type of leader sided with commoners and merchants to seize power from aristocrats - but then used that power to become sole rulers? | Tyrant |
| What kind of government did Sparta have? | Oligarchy - rule by a small group |
| Which king of Persia ordered the first invasion of Greece, after Athens and Eretria helped the Ionian Greeks revolt? | Darius I |
| What was the first major battle of the Greco-Persian Wars, where the soldiers of King Darius were defeated by Athenian hoplites? | Marathon |
| Which king of Persia ordered the second invasion of Greece, trying to avenge the defeat of his father? | Xerxes |
| What did Themistocles convince Athens to build to prepare for the Persian invasion? | A fleet of triremes |
| At which battle did the Spartan king Leonidas lead a Greek army, trying unsuccessfully to stop the Persians from crossing a narrow mountain pass? | Battle of Thermopylae |
| What was a major naval (sea) battle where Greek triremes led by Themistocles defeated the Persian navy by luring them into a narrow strait? | Battle of Salamis |
| Who was the Greek philosopher remembered for using a question-and-answer teaching method to allow students to see things for themselves with their own reasoning skills? | Socrates |
| Which Greek philosopher started school, called the Academy, at Athens? | Plato |
| Which Greek philosopher was a student of Plato who wrote about many different topics, including biology, physics, ethics, and politics - and also became a tutor of Alexander the Great? | Aristotle |
| Herodotus and Thucydides were known for writing about… | History |
| Which leader is remembered for leading Athens as it recovered from the Greco-Persian Wars, and eventually dominated an Athenian Empire? | Pericles |
| What was the Parthenon? | A temple to Athena, located in Athens |
| What form of government, established in Athens, involved rule by citizens who made decisions in mass meetings? | Direct democracy |
| What island was the Greek polis of Syracuse located on? | Sicily |
| How could Sparta afford to construct a navy during the Peloponnesian War? | Persia gave them money |
| During the Peloponnesian War, Athens suffered a major defeat while trying to capture which island? | Sicily |
| Who won the Peloponnesian War? | Sparta and the Peloponnesian League |
| What was the final major battle of the Peloponnesian War, when Lysander and the Spartan navy trapped and destroyed the Athenian Navy? | Battle of Aegospotami |
| What kingdom was able to take control of most of Greece after the Peloponnesian War? | Macedonia |
| Which king of Macedonia established himself as leader of the Greek world after his victory at the Battle of Chaeronea? | Philip II |
| Which Phoenician city did Alexander the Great capture after a long siege, crippling Persian naval power? | Tyre |
| What were some ways Alexander tried to win acceptance across his large, diverse empire? | Married women from important families (Roxana, Statiera), took part in local religious practices, kept local leaders in power... |
| What was the major battle between Alexander the Great and Darius III of Persia, where Alexander won and went on to capture the city of Babylon? | Battle of Gaugamela |
| Which of Alexander the Great’s generals established a dynasty in Egypt after Alexander died? | Ptolemy |
| Which of Alexander the Great’s generals established an empire in the Middle East after Alexander died? | Seleucus |
| Which Jewish leader led a revolt against the Seleucid Empire? | Judah Macabee |
| What was one great building built in Alexandria during the Hellenistic Era? | Library of Alexandria |
| Which philosophy, founded by Epicurius, taught that people should make happiness their goal, and avoid stress and unpleasant things? | Epicurianism |
| Which philosophy, founded by Zeno, taught that a good life meant embracing hardship? | Stoicism |
| Which philosophy encouraged people to reject all social norms and live in poverty, with only the things they absolutely needed? | Cynicism |
| Most of the Hellenistic kingdoms were eventually conquered by what rising power? | Rome |
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