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Bio Chapter 6
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| DNA | (Deoxiribo nucleic acid): Double Helix, it is a type of nucleic acid. THIS IS DOUBLE STRANDED. Every cell has the same DNA but different proteins. |
| RNA (Ribo nucleic acid) | Also a type of nucleic acid. THIS IS SINGLE STRANDED |
| Protein | another macromolecule that is made up of subunits (monomers) called peptides or amino acids |
| Gene | a series of bases on a chromosome that codes for a protein |
| chromosome | prokar-have circular chromosomes but it is overall, a molecule of DNA |
| genome | all of your genes |
| locus | is a location on a chromosome (LOCI is the plural version) |
| What are the base pairs of DNA | A-T, G-C |
| What are the base pairs of RNA | A-U, G-C |
| 3 Parts of a nucleotide | 1. Phosphate Group 2. Sugar 3. Base |
| Which part of nucleotide is different | Sugar, because in in DNA it is called deoxiribose and in RNA it is called ribose |
| What are protein subunits called? | Monomers |
| What do monomers do? | Make up proteins. They tell everything in the body what to do, all cells have the same DNA but with different proteins for different functions |
| Monomers are called what? | Amino acids or peptides |
| Coding DNA | the genes |
| Non-coding DNA | not the genes (more of these than the coding) |
| Introns | {Portions of NON CODING RNA inside of the mRNA (the gene) that are removed after transcription |
| Exons | Coding RNA in the mRNA (gene) |
| Central Dogma of Biology (or Gene Expression) | This information is transfered... DNA--RNA (through transcription) then this RNA---Amino Acids (though translation) |
| What is the name of the enzyme primarily responsible for converting DNA--RNA? | Most enzymes are proteins which end in -ase and are called Enzymatic Protein |
| What is the function of the enzyme primarily responsible for converting DNA-RNA | It is a biological catalyst (speeds up chemical reaction) |
| template strand | this is the strand that is read by the RNA polymerase to build the RNA molecule during transcription |
| non--template strand | Not used, but simply matched the resulting RNA sequence during transcription |
| Transcription | GO from DNA-RNA, occurs in NUCLEUS then the information is converted into RNA polymerase by separating 2 strands of SNA and adding complementary RNA bases to template strand, once done this mRNA leaves the nucleus |
| Translation | GO from RNA-Amino Acid, occurs in cytoplasm enzyme is RIBISOME, turns it into a completely different language using codons |
| Codon | every 3 spots |
| Anti-Codon | Complementary to the codon |
| Stop Codon | Releases the protein sequence |
| Gene mutation | changes to a DNA sequence that affects the protein |
| G.M sources | Chemicals, foods, spontaneously |
| Mutation | When something messes up DNA and therefore affects proteins |
| Why do some G.M's not work | If the stop sequence is early then the protein mutation will not be made |
| 3 types of Point Mutatiions | Frameshift mutation: Changes every amino acid down from insertion Deletion: A base is removed Substitution (replaces an amino acid) Insertion (some base added to sequence) |
| Chromosomal Aberrations | When big chunk of DNA is messed up 1. Relocation 2. Duplication 3. Deletion |
| Nucleotide base | A G C T U |
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