Help
Options
Didn't know it?
click below
click below
Knew it?
click below
click below
Don't Know
Remaining cards (0)
Know
retry
shuffle
restart
0:00
Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Normal Size Small Size show me how
BIO110 Test 2
Chapter 3
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| What are the 3 main regions of the cell? | Nucleus , Plasma Membrane , Cytoplasm |
| What is the difference between chromatin and chromosome? | Chromatin: loosely coiled DNA and protein, present during interphase. Chromosome: tightly coiled DNA packed with proteins, appears in mitosis. |
| Describe the structure of the nuclear membrane. How do materials get into and out of the nucleus? | double membrane, nuclear pores, nucleoplasm. Depending on the size they move in and out of nuclear pores. water, ions, and tiny molecules pass straight through the pores easily and freely. |
| What is the function of the nucleus? | Control center of the cell. |
| What 4 types of molecules make up the plasma membrane? | Carbohydrates, Cholesterol, Proteins, Phospholipids |
| Describe the arrangement of phospholipids in the membrane. | Double layer. Hydrophilic heads at membrane surface. Hydrophobic fatty acid tails within interior of membrane. |
| What is the function of cholesterol found in the membrane? | Strengthens and Stabilizes membrane. helps make membrane less permeable to water-soluble stubstances. |
| Why is it important that the plasma membrane have embedded proteins? Functions of membrane proteins. | Add functionality to membrane. receptors, ion channels, transporters, cell recognition proteins, enzymes, anchor membrane to cytoskeleton, anchor cell to extracellular space |
| Use the terms hydrophobic and hydrophilic to describe the movement of substances across the membrane. | Hydrophobic substances pass easily. Hydrophilic substances are blocked |
| What is the difference between cytoplasm, cytosol, nucleoplasm? | Cytosol is everywhere outside the nucleus. Cytoplasm is between the cell membrane and nucleus. Nucleoplasm is safely inside the nucleus. |
| What organelle makes proteins that are used in the cytoplasm? | Free Ribosomes |
| What organelle makes proteins that are inserted into the cell membrane or secreted from the cell? | Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum |
| What are the functions of the cytoskeleton? 3 types of cytoskeleton proteins | maintaining cell shape, anchoring or moving organelles, and facilitating cell motility. microfilaments, intermediate filaments, microtubles |
| function of microvilli? function of cilia? function of flagella? | Microvilli tiny extensions of plasma membrane to increase surface area for absorption. Cilia: Move materials across cells surface. Flagella: propel sperm cells. |
| How can a cell be specialized for a particular function? | shape and structure reflect its specialized function. |
| Define solute , solvent , solution. | solute is components in smaller quantities within a solution. solvent is dissolving medium typically water. solution homogeneous mixture of two or more components. |
| What is the difference between intracellular and interstitial fluids? | Intracellular Fluid (ICF): This is the fluid located completely inside the cells. Interstitial Fluid: This is the fluid found completely outside the cells |
| What is the main difference between active and passive transport mechanisms? | active transport use ATP. passive does NOT use ATP. |
| Define terms concentration gradient , equilibrium, selectively permeable membrane. | concentration gradient exits across the membrane. equilibrium state where molecules are evenly spread out across a space. selectively permeable membrane A barrier that allows only certain substances to cross while blocking others. |
| What will happen to a normal body cell if it is placed in a solution that is hypertonic, isotonic, or hypotonic? | In a Hypertonic solution: The cell will shrink and shrivel. In an Isotonic solution: The cell stays the same size. In a Hypotonic solution: The cell will swell and may burst. |
| Which transport processes use carrier proteins? | facilitated diffusion primary & secondary active transport. |
| What are the differences between mitosis and meiosis? | Mitosis: Cellular growth, tissue repair. Meiosis: Sexual reproduction (producing gametes). |
| What are the two main stages of the cell cycle? | interphase cell division |
| When does DNA replication occur? What does the term semiconservative replication mean? | interphase. semiconservative replication- DNA replication |
| Describe the structure of DNA. Which bases complimentary base pair? | DNA is made of repeating building blocks called nucleotides. Adenine (A) to Thymine (T) Cytosine (C) to Guanine (G) |
| Stages of mitosis in order. | 1. Prophase: The chromatin condenses into visible chromosomes, the nuclear envelope breaks down 2. Metaphase: The chromosomes line up 3. Anaphase: The sister chromatids are pulled apart 4. Telophase: reach poles and chromosomes uncoil |
| What is Cytokinesis and when does it occur? | creates cleavage furrow and splits cell into two. Occurs late anaphase and completes during telophase. |
| What organelle is used to separate the sister chromatids? | centrosome |
| What is a gene? | segment of DNA that codes for amino acid sequence of a specific pattern. |
| Two main steps of protein synthesis. | Transcription: DNA to RNA, occurs in nucleus. Translation: mRNA to protein, occurs in cytoplasm in ribsome |
| What is a tissue? | Group of cells similar in structure and function. |
| the 4 types of tissues. | Epithelial, Connective, Muscle, Nervous |
| characteristics of epithelial tissue | tightly packed, always has apical surface. avascular, regenerate easily. |
| Endocrine and Exocrine glands. | Endocrine secrete hormones Exocrine non hormone substances |
| extracellular matrix | Gel like substance composed of polysaccharides that trap large quantities of water. |
| 3 main types of fibers found in connective tissue. | collagen fibers, elastic fibers, and reticular fibers. |
| Structure of an Osteon | a cylindrical structure aligned parallel to the long axis of the bone |
| Osteocyte and Chondrocyte | Osteocyte is a bone cell in lacunae Chondrocyte is a cartilage cell in lacunae |
| What connective tissue has a liquid matrix? | Blood. its plasma |
| Neurons and Neuroglia | Neurons transmit electrical impulses Neuroglia are supporting cells |
Created by:
user-2067544