tendency to search for, interpret, favor and recall information in a way that confirms or supports one's prior beliefs or values

tendency to believe, after learning an outcome, that one would have foreseen it (knew-it-all-along phenomenon)

when the sample is not representative of the larger population, leading to inaccurate or misleading results. It is essential to minimize sample bias to ensure the generalizability of research findings to the population.

testable prediction, implied by a theory

Extent to which research yields consistent results Ex. Replication with consistent (similar) results

Extent to which research measures/predicts what it is supposed to Ex. Uses criteria related to the research

Quantitative Data (Numerical/Amount)

Quantitative Data is numbers-based information gathered from surveys, tests, or experiments. It helps us understand patterns and relationships in a precise way.

Qualitative Data (Descriptive/Non Numerical)

Qualitative data is not about numbers but gives deeper insights into complex topics. Information collected through methods like interviews or observations, focusing on people's experiences and behaviors.

Naturalistic Observation

a descriptive technique of observing and recording behavior in a naturally occurring situations without trying to manipulate and control the situation

descriptive technique for obtaining the self- reported attitudes or behaviors of a particular group usually by questioning a representative, random sample of a group

in an experiment the factor that is manipulated, the variable whose effect is being studied (stands alone and can vary)

in an experiment the outcome that is measured, the variable that may change when the independent variable is 4 manipulated (results)

- in an experiment, the group exposed to the treatment, that is, one version of the independent variable

in an experiment, the group NOT exposed to the treatment, contrasts with the experimental group and serves as a comparison for evaluating the effect of the treatment

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intro to psych

Question	Answer
Confirmation bias	tendency to search for, interpret, favor and recall information in a way that confirms or supports one's prior beliefs or values
Hindsight Bias	tendency to believe, after learning an outcome, that one would have foreseen it (knew-it-all-along phenomenon)
Sample Bias	when the sample is not representative of the larger population, leading to inaccurate or misleading results. It is essential to minimize sample bias to ensure the generalizability of research findings to the population.
Hypothesis	testable prediction, implied by a theory
Reliability	Extent to which research yields consistent results Ex. Replication with consistent (similar) results
Validity	Extent to which research measures/predicts what it is supposed to Ex. Uses criteria related to the research
Quantitative Data (Numerical/Amount)	Quantitative Data is numbers-based information gathered from surveys, tests, or experiments. It helps us understand patterns and relationships in a precise way.
Qualitative Data (Descriptive/Non Numerical)	Qualitative data is not about numbers but gives deeper insights into complex topics. Information collected through methods like interviews or observations, focusing on people's experiences and behaviors.
Naturalistic Observation	a descriptive technique of observing and recording behavior in a naturally occurring situations without trying to manipulate and control the situation
Survey	descriptive technique for obtaining the self- reported attitudes or behaviors of a particular group usually by questioning a representative, random sample of a group
Independent Variable	in an experiment the factor that is manipulated, the variable whose effect is being studied (stands alone and can vary)
Dependent Variable	in an experiment the outcome that is measured, the variable that may change when the independent variable is 4 manipulated (results)
Experimental Group	- in an experiment, the group exposed to the treatment, that is, one version of the independent variable
Control Group	in an experiment, the group NOT exposed to the treatment, contrasts with the experimental group and serves as a comparison for evaluating the effect of the treatment

Created by: crcardot

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