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APworld unit 2 vocab
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| an instrument used to determine latitude by measuring the position of the stars | Astrolabe |
| issued bills of exchange; model for modern banks | Banking Houses |
| the son of Genghis Khan's oldest son who led an army of 100,000 Mongolian soldiers into Russia conquering small Russian kingdoms | Batu Khan |
| Mongol conquests brought fleas that carried the bubonic plague to Asia and Europe | the Bubonic Plague |
| saddles developed by South Arabians as the use of the camel spread | Camel Saddle |
| groups of people traveling together for mutual protection, often with pack animals such as camels | Caravans |
| inns that popped up about 100 miles apart (the distance camels could go before they needed water) along the routes of the Silk Roads | Caravanserai |
| a versatile weapon that provided the Mongol cavalry with superior range, accuracy, and mobility, contributing to their military dominance and conquests | Composite Bow |
| the capital of the eastern Roman Empire, the Byzantine Empire, and later the Ottoman Empire | Constantinople |
| an arrangement to receive cash, goods, or services now and pay for them in the future | Credit |
| the spread of ideas, religions and products often resulting from trade | Cultural Diffusion |
| Arab ships with lateen sails; strongly influenced European ship design; facilitated trade | Dhow Ships |
| name meaning “ruler of all” given to Temujin when he was elected khan of Mongolian Kingdom; also spelled Chinggis Khan | Genghis Khan |
| first of the great medieval trading empires of western Africa known as the Land of Gold | Ghana Empire |
| Batu’s army that pushed westward through Russia and then into Europe | Golden Horde |
| invented in China by the Tang Dynasty in the 9th century; used in siege warfare like cannons in the Song Dynasty | Gunpowder |
| capital of the Song Dynasty | Hangzhou |
| a commercial alliance that formed between northern German cities and Scandinavia in the 13th century | The Hanseatic League |
| grandson of Genghis Khan that took control of the southwest region into the Abbasid territories and more of the Middle East until defeat in 1260 | Hulegu |
| Moroccan Muslim scholar, the most widely traveled individual of his time | Ibn Battuta |
| Hulegu’s medieval Mongol state that ruled over Persia, Mesopotamia, and parts of the Caucasus and Anatolia, | Il Khanate |
| Indian Ocean Basin: largest see based trade network at the time | Indian Ocean Basin |
| Chinese sailing ship that developed during the Song Dynasty | Junk |
| the four regional Mongol kingdoms that arose after the death of Genghis Khan | Khanates |
| powerful and long lasting empire in what is modern day Cambodia, Thailand, Laos and southern Vietnam | Khmer Empire: |
| grandson of Genghis Khan that sought to conquer China and finally achieved it in 1271 and established the Yuan Dynasty | Kublai Khan |
| triangular shaped sail that could catch wind from many different directions | Lateen Sail |
| navigation tool for determining direction that allowed ships to travel without following the coast | Magnetic Compass: |
| a Muslim city state that became wealthy by building a navy and collecting fees from ships that passed through the Strait of Malacca | Malacca |
| West African empire from 1235 1400 with trading cities Timbuktu and Gao | Mali Empire |
| brought Mali to its peak of power and wealth from 1312 to 1337; displayed Mali’s wealth during an extravagant pilgrimage to Mecca | Mansa Musa |
| an Italian native who traveled to China in the late 13th century and wrote about his travels | Marco polo |
| city in western Arabia that was the birthplace of the Prophet Muhammad; ritual center of the Islamic religion and destination for pilgrimages | Mecca |
| Chinese dynasty from 1368 1644 founded by Zhu Yuanzhang after the overthrow of the Yuan Dynasty | Ming Dynasty |
| heavy winds that affected trade routes in the Indian Ocean | Monsoons |
| a central component of Mongol society, characterized by their mobile lifestyle, reliance on animal husbandry, and skilled horsemanship, which enabled the Mongols to establish a vast empire through their expertise in mounted warfare and strategic mobility | Nomadism |
| the period of Mongolian peace between the 13th and 14th centuries | Pax Mongolica: |
| located in present day Uzbekistan in the Zeravshan River valley, this city was a stopping point on the Silk Roads between China and the mediteranean | Samarkand |
| overuse of farmland and deforestation reduced agricultural production in feudal Europe | Soil Erosion: |
| (906-1279) Chinese dynasty that preceded the Yuan Dynasty | Song Dynasty |
| an Islamic empire established in the 1400s after the decline of the Mali Empire in West Africa | Songhai Kingdom |
| invented by the Chinese and made steering ships easier and more stable | Stern Rudders |
| powerful Islamic kingdom which reached its peak in the mid 1400s | Sultanate of Malacca |
| a very wealthy and world renowned center for Islamic learning | Timbuktu |
| a military unit consisting of approximately 10,000 soldiers, led by a commander known as a noyan, and formed the backbone of the Mongol military organization during their conquests | Tumen |
| system of writing that Genghis Khan adopted for the Mongol Empire | Uyghur Script |
| a secret society that began organizing to overthrow the Yuan Dynasty | White Lotus Society |
| : established by Kublai Khan in 1271 and was tolerant towards various religious groups in China | Yuan Dynasty |
| a Muslim admiral, entrusted by the Ming emperor Yongle with a series of seven great voyages that took his many ships through the Indian Ocean, from Southeast Asia to Africa | Zheng He |
| Buddhist monk that led the revolt to overthrow the Yuan Dynasty and established the Ming Dynasty in 1368 | Zhu Yuanzhang |
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