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Week 6

The Muscular System PPT

QuestionAnswer
What are the two filaments that work together to produce a muscle contraction? How are they attached? - Actin and myosin - Attached at a Z-line
Sarcomere The space between two Z-lines
Where do actin and myosin pull the muscle fiber towards The M-line, shortening the muscle fiber
How do muscle fibers contract (explain sliding filament theory) - Nerve impulses are sent to muscle fibers to begin contractions - myosin heads attach to the twisted actin filaments and pull on them - Z-lines get closer and sarcomere gets closer - Repeats until muscle contracts completely - Energy source: ATP
Heads rounded extensions of Myosin filaments
The * filaments pills on the thinner * filament to shorten a * during the sliding filament theory of muscle contraction. * is require to move myosin heads; calcium ions expose the active site for them to attach. Cycle continues 'til muscle fiber fully * *myosin *actin *sarcomere *sliding filament *ATP *calcium *contracted
How much energy is used each time a myosin filament engages with an actin filament? What does this mean? 1 ATP molecule - this means the contraction of a muscle requires plenty of ATP molecules
Muscles are either _____ or _____ with no in-betweens. How is the "gentleness" or "strength" of a muscle determined? Contracted or relaxed - the number of fibers engaged determines the gentleness or strength
How is ATP formed? (You know this one by heart) CELLULAR RESPIRATION! (Flashbacks: the Krebs [citric acid] cycle)
What does cellular respiration depend on the presence of oxygen Oxygen avaliable: glycolysis --> Kreb's Cycle Oxygen unavaliable: glycolysis --> fermentation
When muscles don't get enough ATP... they become fatigued
How muscles become fatigued: 1) Intense exercise Muscles are worked strenuously and the glucose supply is exhausted
How muscles become fatigued: 2) Muscle fatigue ATP is no longer efficiently being used for cross-bridges
How muscles become fatigued: 3) anaerobic respiration Muscles begin to burn, causing you to stop exercising before cells are injured
How muscles become fatigued: 4) oxygen debt A difference occurs between the amount of oxygen available and the amount required and you are "out of breath"
Someone who is in better physical health... ....is more efficient at transferring oxygen to the muscle fibers and will not feel as sore or out of breath
What is the energy currency used by myosin during a muscle contraction cycle? ATP
When enough _____ is available, ATP is efficiently produced. During oxygen _____, however, muscle cells become _____ and burn because ______ respiration is no longer sufficient. - oxygen -debt -fatigued -aerobic
Muscles names are based on Latin and are given according to the following criteria: •Muscle size •Muscle shape •Location of muscle •Orientation of muscle •Muscle origin and insertion •Number of origins (head) on the muscle •Muscle function
Examples of Latin-based muscle names: •Biceps brachii (two origins on upper arm) •Deltoid (triangular like the Greek letter delta ∆)
Muscles are attached to bones by Tendons
The attachment of the tendon to the more stationary bone the origin
The attachment of the tendon to the more movable bone the insertion
Belly middle of the muscle
Muscles work in pairs: Prime Mover = muscle doing the action (contracting)
Synergists vs Antagonists Synergists: muscles that help in the same direction Antagonists: opposing muscle relaxing during motion
Examples of antagonistic pair biceps branchii & triceps branchii
Muscles can be identified by their shape, location, size or function. They are attached to bones by _____ and extend from the _____ to the _____ site. - tendons - origin -insertion
Muscles work in pairs with the _____ mover contracting while the _____ extends. -prime -antagonist
Created by: ckinney04
 

 



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