Help
Options
Didn't know it?
click below
click below
Knew it?
click below
click below
Don't Know
Remaining cards (0)
Know
retry
shuffle
restart
0:00
Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Week 2
Muscle & Nerve, Connective, and Epithelial Tissues PPT(s)
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Four types of tissues | Connective, muscle, nervous, epithelial |
| Muscle tissue | Smooth, cardiac, skeletal |
| Nervous tissue | -neurons -neuroglia |
| Smooth muscle tissue | - contracts involuntarily -non-striated - found in walls of stomach, uterus, intestines, bladder, arteries, veins and eyes |
| Cardiac muscle tissue | - contracts involuntarily -striated -found in the heart muscle - activated by brain or hormones |
| Skeletal muscle tissue | - contracts voluntarily - striated -connected to bones of the skeleton - controlled by somatic nervous system |
| Nervous tissue: Neurons | - make up 10% of all nerve cells - convert stimuli into nerve impulses - pass impulses to other neurons, muscle fibers, or glands - unable to regenerate |
| Nervous tissue: Neuroglia | - Make up 90% of all nerve cells - Support and protect neurons - Do not generate nerve impulses - Able to regenerate after injury |
| Muscle tissue is used for movement, but can be _________ or ________ controlled. Nervous tissue is mostly compromised of _______ which support _______. The neurons transport ______ around the body. | - voluntarily - involuntarily - neuroglia - neurons - impulses |
| What are the four connective tissues | Connective tissue proper, cartilage, bone, blood |
| Functions of connective tissues | -provide support and bind other tissues together - provide insulation and protection for other tissues - some can transport substances |
| Characteristics do all connective tissues share | - all formed from one type of stem cell (mesenchyme) -vary in their degree of vascularity (presence of blood vessels) - mostly composed of extracellular matrix |
| Extracellular matrix: Ground substance | Watery or gel-like substance secreted by cells |
| Extracellular matrix: Fibers or threads | -collagen, elastic or reticular |
| Loose connective tissue | areolar, adipose, reticular |
| Dense connective tissue | regular, irregular, elastic |
| Loose connective tissue: Areolar | - mostly open space -holds water and salts for surrounding tissues - found under epithelium and around organs |
| Loose connective tissue: Adipose | - comprised of fat cells (adipocytes) - have large vacuoles that contain fat/oil - insulated and warms the body - provides nutrients to other cells |
| Loose connective tissue: Reticular | - contains reticular fibers, which create a stiff framework that supports other cells |
| Dense connective tissue: Regular | - collagen fibers are arranged in one direction -provides "tensile strength" like a rope - found in tendons and ligamnets |
| Dense connective tissue: Irregular | - collagen fibers are arranged in many directions - provides strength in multiple directions - found in capsules around organs |
| Dense connective tissue: Elastic | - provides flexible cushioning - found between vertebrae and in arteries |
| Connective tissue is used to _____ and bind other tissues. It is made of cells surrounded by an _________ matrix. The matrix is made of _______ that are loosely or densely arranged | - support - extracellular - fibers |
| Cartilage | Doesn't have nerves or blood vessels - hyaline - fibrocartilage -elastic |
| Cartilage: Hyaline | -glassy looking -firm ground substance with lacuna (spaces for cells) - few collagen fibers - found in larynx, bridge of nose, and ribs |
| Cartilage: Fibro-cartilage | -contains lots of collagen, mostly running parallel - found in intervertebral spaces |
| Cartilage: Elastic | - highly flexible - more elastic fibers - found in outer ear and tip of nose |
| Bone | calcified ground substance - spongy - compact |
| Bone tissue: Osseous | - Osteocytes secrete ground substances, fibers, collagen, and fluids - the ground substance eventually becomes calcified and hard - 2 types: spongy and compact |
| Blood tissue | Although blood (vascular tissue) doesn't seem like a "connective" tissue, it still has the requirements: - Ground substance = plasma (fluid) - "Fibers: = platelets which clot the blood |
| Vascular tissue: mast cells | - detect foreign substances - contain granules that secrete inflammatory chemicals |
| Vascular tissue: macrophages | - blob-like cells that engulf invading substances or organisms |
| Vascular tissue: blood cells | - red blood cells: erythrocytes (carry oxygen) - white blood cells: leukocytes (provide immune response) |
| Connective tissues can have different types of ground substances in the extracellular _______. Cartilage has a _______ ground substance, bone has a _______ ground substance, and blood has a ______ ground substance. | -matrix -flexible -calcified -fluid |
| Epithelial tissue | The lining tissue that forms the boundary between our body and the external environment functions: - protection -absorption -filtration -secretion |
| Apical (free) surface | Top surface of an epithelial tissue |
| Basal surface | Bottom surface of an epithelial tissue |
| Basement membrane | Membrane underneath the basal surface |
| Apical, Basal, and Basement membrane tissues are: | AVASCULAR (no blood vessels) |
| Epithelial tissues are classified by | the number of layers and the shape of the cells |
| Diffusion of simple epithelial tissue | only one layer of cells |
| Diffusion of stratified epithelial tissue | more than one layer of cells |
| Simple squamous epithelium | - single, flat layer of cells that is thin and permeable - function: rapid diffusion of materials - found in blood vessels and lung tissues |
| Simple cuboidal epithelium | - single layer of cube-shaped cells - function: secretion & absorption of substances - found in the tissues of the kidney |
| Simple columnar epithelium | - single layer of tall, closely packed cells - may have cilia and goblet cells (secrete mucus) - function: secretion of mucus for protection and absorption of substances - found: lining of the digestive tract |
| Epithelial tissue is the _____ that protects the body from the external _______. All epithelial tissues have a _____ surface, a _____ surface, and a ________ membrane. Simple epithelial tissues are made of one layer of cells that can vary in shape. | - lining - environment - free - basal - basement - one - shape |
| Stratified epithelial tissue (3 types) are thick layers that | provide protection for the underlying layers - found in the epidermal layer of the skin |
| Stratified cuboidal epithelium: | - more than one layer of cuboidal cells - rare in the body - found in the salivary and mammary glands |
| Stratified columnar epithelium: | - free surface is lined with columnar cells - rare in the body - found in larynx and male urethra |
| Pseudo-stratified epithelium | - cell nuclei are found at different levels, so it appears stratified though not - function: secretion and absorption - found in most of the upper respiratory tract |
| transitional epithelium | - free surface cells of transitional epithelium vary in appearance based on stretching of the tissue -"transition" = change shape with elasticity - found in the lining of the urinary bladder |
| Stratified epithelial tissues have _____ than ____ layer and can vary in cell ______. Pseudo-stratified epithelium ______ to have multiple layers and transitional epithelium can change its appearance as it _______. | - more - one -shape - appears - stretches |
| Glandular epithelium | - gland made of group of cells that secrete a fluid substance - glands are classified in two ways: complexity and how substances are secreted (exocrine/endocrine) |
| Exocrine gland | Secrete substances outward via duct - sweat glands |
| Endocrine gland | Ductless glands that secrete hormones through bloodstream - thyroid gland |
| Exocrine glands: Merocrine gland | Cells excrete the products (substances) via exocytosis - mero = "part" - i.e. sweat glands |
| Exocrine glands: Apocrine gland | A portion of the cell that pinches off with the secreted products - apo = "tip" - i.e. mammary glands |
| Exocrine glands: Holocrine gland | Cells rupture and spill products into the duct - "hol" = whole - i.e. sebaceous (oil) glands in skin |
| Why do endocrine glands secrete hormones into blood | to be delivered over longer distances |
| Endocrine cells are packed tightly together with what | capillaries running through the glandular tissue |
| Cells excrete products through ______ into the blood | blood |
| Examples of endocrine glands | thyroid, thymus, adrenal glands, pancreas |
| Glandular tissue is a specialize type of _______ tissue. Endocrine glands secrete ______ into the blood, while _____ glands use tube-like _____ to secrete their products. Exocrine glands differ in the portion of the _____ that is secreted with the product | - epithelial - hormones -exocrines -ducts -cell |
Created by:
ckinney04