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cell vocabulary
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Cell | the basic structural, functional, and biological unit of all known living organisms |
| Osmosis | the spontaneous net movement of solvent molecules (usually water) through a selectively permeable membrane from a region of lower solute concentration (high water potential) to a region of higher solute concentration (low water potential |
| Cell Theory | a foundational scientific principle in biology that states all living organisms are made of cells, cells are the basic units of life, and all cells come from pre-existing cells |
| Cell Membrane | a thin, semipermeable biological barrier that surrounds every living cell, separating its internal contents from the outside environment. |
| Nucleus | a central point, group, or core around which other things gather. |
| Organelle | a specialized subunit inside a biological cell that has a specific job to perform. |
| Ribosome | tiny, complex molecular machines made of ribonucleic acid (RNA) and proteins that act as the primary site of protein synthesis in all living cells. |
| Nucleic Acid | large biomolecules that store, transmit, and express genetic information in all living cells and viruses. |
| Selectively Permeable | a barrier that allows certain molecules or ions to pass through while blocking others. |
| Cytoplasm | the thick, gel-like substance that fills a cell and is enclosed by the cell membrane. |
| Mitochondria | double membrane-bound cell organelles |
| Endoplasmic Reticulum | a continuous network of membranes forming flattened sacs and tubes inside the cytoplasm of eukaryotic cells. |
| Golgi Apparatus | a membrane-bound cell organelle found in eukaryotic cells that modifies, sorts, and packages proteins and lipids for transport. |
| Chloroplast | a specialized, double-membraned organelle found in the cells of green plants and certain algae that conducts photosynthesis by converting sunlight into chemical energy. |
| Lysosome | membrane-bound cell organelles that contain digestive enzymes to break down waste, old cell parts, and invading bacteria |
| DNA | deoxyribonucleic acid |
| Passive Transport | the movement of molecules or ions across a cell membrane from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration without using cellular energy (ATP). |
| Active Transport | the movement of molecules or ions across a cell membrane from an area of lower concentration to an area of higher concentration |
| Diffusion | the net movement of particles from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration, driven by the random thermal motion of molecules. |
| Tissue | a group of similar cells working together to perform a specific function in plants and animals. |
| Organ | a collection of different types of tissues that work together as a structural unit to perform a specific function in a multicellular organism. |
| Organ System | a group of individual organs that work closely together to perform a major body function or task. |
| Endocytosis | an active cellular process where a cell takes in extracellular fluids, large molecules, or entire particles by engulfing them with its plasma membrane to form an internal vesicle. |
| Exocytosis | an active transport process where a cell moves large molecules or waste products out of its interior into the extracellular space by fusing internal membrane-bound sacs, called vesicles, with the outer plasma membrane. |
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