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cells
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Cell | the basic structural and functional unit of all living organisms |
| Osmosis | the spontaneous net movement of solvent molecules (typically water) through a selectively permeable membrane from an area of higher water |
| Cell Theory | a foundational concept in biology that explains the structure and origin of all living things |
| Cell Wall | a tough, protective, and semi-permeable outer layer located immediately outside the cell membrane in plants, fungi, bacteria, algae, and some archaea |
| Cell Membrane | a semipermeable biological barrier that surrounds every living cell, separating its interior from the outside environment |
| Nucleus | a central point or a specialized structure in biology, physics, and anatomy |
| Organelle | a specialized subunit within a biological cell that has a specific, vital job to perform |
| Ribosome | a tiny cellular structure made of RNA and protein that builds proteins by reading genetic instructions |
| Nucleic Acid | large, naturally occurring biomolecules that store, transmit, and express genetic information in all living cells and viruses. |
| Selectively Permeable | a barrier that allows certain molecules or ions to pass through while blocking others |
| Cytoplasm | gelatinous, semi-fluid substance that fills a cell, enclosed by the cell membrane and—in eukaryotic cells—sitting outside the nucleus |
| Mitochondria | double-membraned organelles found in the cytoplasm of most eukaryotic cells that generate most of the cell's chemical energy |
| Endoplasmic Reticulum | an extensive network of membrane-enclosed sacs and tubules found in eukaryotic cells that acts as a primary manufacturing and transportation system |
| Golgi Apparatus | a membrane-bound organelle found in eukaryotic cells that modifies, sorts, and packages proteins and lipids for transport |
| Chloroplast | a specialized, double-membrane organelle found in plant and algal cells that conducts photosynthesis to convert sunlight into chemical energy |
| Lysosome | a membrane-bound acidic organelle in eukaryotic cells |
| DNA | the molecule that carries the genetic code for the development, functioning, growth, and reproduction of all known living organisms and many viruses |
| Passive Transport | Passive transport is the movement of substances across a cell membrane from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration down a concentration gradient, without using cellular energy (ATP) |
| Active Transport | the movement of molecules or ions across a cell membrane from an area of lower concentration to an area of higher concentration |
| Diffusion | the net movement of particles from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration |
| Tissue | a group of similar cells and their extracellular matrix that work together to perform a specific function in multicellular plants and animals |
| Organ | a biological structure in a living organism or a keyboard musical instrument |
| Organ System | a group of physical structures and organs that work together to perform a specific, major job in the body |
| Endocytosis | an active cellular transport process where a cell engulfs extracellular materials, fluids, or macromolecules by folding its plasma membrane inward to form a vesicle |
| Exocytosis | an active transport process where a cell moves large molecules and waste out through its cell membrane |
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