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cells
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Cell | the basic structural, functional, and biological unit of all known living organisms |
| Osmosis | he spontaneous movement of solvent molecules (usually water) through a semipermeable membrane from an area of lower solute concentration to an area of higher solute concentration |
| Cell Theory | a foundational scientific principle in biology stating that all living organisms are composed of cells, that cells are the basic units of structure and function in life, and that all cells come from pre-existing cells |
| Cell Wall | a tough, flexible, or rigid outer layer that surrounds the cell membrane of plants, fungi, algae, and most prokaryotes. |
| Cell Membrane | a semipermeable biological layer that surrounds every living cell, separating its interior from the outside environment |
| Nucleus | a central core or control center in various fields |
| Organelle | a specialized subunit within a biological cell that has a distinct, dedicated function |
| Ribosome | a tiny cellular machine made of ribosomal RNA (rRNA) and proteins that builds proteins by reading genetic instructions |
| Nucleic Acid | large biomolecules that store, transmit, and express genetic information in all living cells and viruses. |
| Selectively Permeable | a biological or synthetic barrier that allows certain molecules or ions to pass through while blocking others |
| Cytoplasm | jelly-like material that fills a cell, enclosed by the cell membrane. |
| Mitochondria | double-membrane-bound cell organelles |
| Endoplasmic Reticulum | a continuous network of membrane-enclosed sacs and branching tubules within the cytoplasm of eukaryotic cells that synthesizes, folds, modifies, and transports proteins and lipids |
| Chloroplast | a specialized, double-membrane organelle found in plant cells and algal cells that conducts photosynthesis |
| Lysosome | a membrane-bound organelle found in eukaryotic cells that contains acid-dependent hydrolytic enzymes to break down and recycle cellular waste, old organelles, and foreign invaders |
| DNA | the molecule that carries the genetic code for the development, functioning, growth, and reproduction of all known living organisms and many viruses |
| Passive Transport | the movement of substances across a cell membrane from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration without using cellular energy (ATP) |
| Active Transport | the movement of molecules or ions across a cell membrane from a region of lower concentration to a region of higher concentration |
| Diffusion | the net movement of particles from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration. |
| Tissue | a group of structurally and functionally similar cells and intercellular material that work together to perform a specific job in an organism. |
| Organ | a specialized structure in biology or a large keyboard instrument in music |
| Organ System | a group of organs that work together to perform major body functions and keep the body in a stable, healthy state |
| Endocytosis | an active cellular transport process that internalizes extracellular substances, fluids, or large molecules by folding the plasma membrane inward to form a membrane-bound vesicle |
| Exocytosis | an active transport process where a cell moves large molecules or waste products out of the cytoplasm and into the extracellular space by fusing a membrane-bound vesicle with the plasma membrane. |
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