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Cell
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| cell | the smallest, basic structural and functional unit of all living organisms |
| Osmosis | the spontaneous movement of solvent molecules (usually water) through a selectively permeable membrane from an area of higher water potential (lower solute concentration) to an area of lower water potential (higher solute concentration) |
| cell theory | a foundational scientific principle in biology stating that all living organisms are composed of cells, the cell is the basic unit of life, and all cells come from pre-existing cells |
| cell wall | a tough, outer structural layer that surrounds the cell membrane in plants, fungi, algae, and most bacteria |
| cell membrane | a thin, semipermeable biological barrier that surrounds every living cell, separating its internal contents from the outside environment |
| Nucleus | a central point, group, or core around which other things gather |
| Organelle | a specialized subunit inside a biological cell that has a specific job to perform |
| Ribosome | a cellular structure made of RNA and protein that acts as the site of protein synthesis in all living cells |
| Nucleic Acid | a large biomolecule that stores, transmits, and expresses genetic information in all living cells and viruses |
| Selectively Permeable | a membrane allows certain molecules or ions to pass through while blocking others |
| Cytoplasm | the jelly-like substance that fills the inside of a cell, enclosed by the cell membrane |
| Mitochondria | double-membrane-bound cell organelles that generate chemical energy, known as adenosine triphosphate (ATP), required to power cellular activities |
| Endoplasmic Reticulum | a large network of membranes inside plant and animal cells that helps make, process, and transport proteins and fats |
| Golgi Apparatus | a cell organelle that modifies, sorts, and packages proteins and lipids for use inside or outside the cell |
| Chloroplast | a specialized, double-membrane organelle found in the cells of plants and green algae that conducts photosynthesis |
| Lysosome | membrane-bound cell organelles that contain digestive enzymes to break down waste, old cell parts, and invading bacteria |
| DNA | deoxyribonucleic acid |
| passive transport | the movement of molecules or ions across a cell membrane from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration without using cellular energy (ATP |
| Active Transport | the movement of molecules or ions across a cell membrane from a region of lower concentration to a region of higher concentration |
| Diffusion | the natural movement of particles from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration until they spread out evenly |
| Tissue | a group of similar cells working together to perform a specific function in plants and animals |
| Organ | a collection of different types of tissues joined together to act as a functional unit and perform a specific task in a multicellular organism |
| Organ System | a group of individual organs that work closely together to perform a major body function or task |
| Endocytosis | an active transport process where a cell brings substances from the outside into the cell by engulfing them with its cell membrane |
| exocytosis | an active transport process by which a cell releases large molecules, proteins, waste products, or neurotransmitters to the outside environment |
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