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Astronomy
STUDY for unit test
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What is "heavy H" called? | Deuterium (H2) |
| Why is the Big Bang considered a theory? | It has been well researched with valid data but we don’t really know, we may learn more as technology advances |
| What does a light year measure and how does it relate to time? | How far light travels in one year |
| How old is the universe and how do we know? | 13.8 billion years old…we can see gases that are that many light years away |
| How many protons does each have? | H has 1 proton and He has 2…the universe started with the most basic elements |
| What is an isotope? | same element but a different mass due to a different number of neutrons |
| What is the Doppler Effect? | When sound or light waves stretch out or compress due to motion |
| How does the Doppler prove the Big Bang? (Can you explain Red Shift? | as light moves away from us it stretches out and only the red part of the spectrum is seen. If light is coming toward you it compresses and the blue part is seen. |
| What tool breaks light into the spectrum and what color is “older”? | spectrometer, blue is younger it is not stretched out yet |
| How does the existence of microwaves support the Big Bang Theory? | Microwaves are the leftover energy from the Big bang. Microwaves are made when light gets REALLY stretched out and is not visible anymore. We can measure how long it takes light to stretch out that much and determining the age of the universe |
| How are galaxies moving compared to Earth and how does this support the Big Bang theory? | most are moving away but some are moving close so the universe is expanding in all directions |
| What is nuclear fusion and how does it work? | H + H fuse to make deuterium. The Deuterium fuses with another H to make light helium. TWO light heliums fuse to make regular helium and releases 2 protons |
| What is required for nuclear fusion to occur? (why doesn’t Jupiter, that is made of H and He, do nuclear fusion? | HEat and pressure caused by a lot of gravity. Jupiter is too small to have enough gravity to create the required heat and pressure |
| What type of energy does nuclear fusion make (how does this energy reach earth; heat, light or radiation)? | radiation; it reaches the earth and we see the light and feel the heat |
| What is the difference between the composition of a young star and an old star? | young stars are mostly H and some He, Older stars have more elements through Iron |
| What element is more seen in a star at the end of its life? And what happens when all the H is gone? | Iron, when H is all used up, a supernova happens |
| What are the 3 steps of nuclear fusion (the ball smashing video game) and how is it a positive feedback loop? | see the first question in this section…the 2 leftover protons at the end can start the process again |
| Why is the night sky changing? How do orbiting objects move in the solar system? | stars seem to change location but it is OUR orbit that changes |
| What is Newton’s 1st law and how does it apply to orbits? | An object maintains a constant velocity until acted upon by an unbalanced (net ) force. A planet hurtling through space gets caught in the gravitational pull of a star and falls into orbit. |
| What is gravity and how can you increase gravity? | An inward pull that is greater if you have a lot of mass and are close to what you are attracting |
| What shape is the orbit of the planets? | elipse |
| When is earth moving the fastest…when it is close to or far from the sun? | closest |
| Which planets orbit the sun faster: those close to the sun or farther away? | closer to the sun |
| What 2 scientists helped us understand the motion of the planets? | Kepler and Newton |
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BookLoverHEHE